Physiological Effects of MDMA Use :: Health Drugs Essays

Physiological Effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine UseMDMA has monumental cardiovascular effects. This is consistent with its norepinephrine releasing (Johnson et al. 1991 Rothman et al. 2001) and _2 adrenergic agonist (Lavelle et al. 1999) properties. MDMA dose dependently produces robust sum ups in union aim and blood closet (de la Torre et al. 2000a de la Torre et al. 2000b Grob et al.). Peak cardiovascular effects occur amongst 1 and 2 hours after MDMA administration and largely root within 6 hours of drug administration.A memorize suggested that the relationship amongst MDMA dose and cardiovascular effects was supralinear by de la Torre et al. (2000a) who inform unexpectedly high drug exposures (measured as AUCplasma for MDMA) and diastolic blood blackjack increases in two volunteers given 150 mg MDMA. While pharmacokinetic information suggest MDMA has nonlinear kinetics, there is no clear establish of supralinear relationships between dose and blood squeeze or heart rate. In fact, there may be less increase in heart rate after higher doses. The tendency toward less heart rate increase with higher dose is consistent with a study apply both conscious and anesthetized rats (OCain et al. 2000). In this rat study, 3 mg/kg IV MDMA decreased heart rate, while lower doses tended to increase it or leave it unchanged.Studies monitoring blood atmospheric pressure found hearty relationships between MDMA use and blood pressure. In one study, (Vollenweider et al. 1998) involving subjects without a history of MDMA use, one subject experienced hypertensive crisis from a dose typical of recreational use. The correlation of blood pressure is described, A two way ANOVA for systolic blood pressure revealed a solid main effect of drug F(1,2) = 41.09 p < 02 and a significant drug x time interaction F(3,6) = 11.31 p < 007. Significant changes occurred in the 0 to 75 minutes and 75 to 150 minutes breakup (one way ANOVAs). Two way ANOVA for diastolic bl ood pressure was not significant, but one way ANOVAs showed significant changes in the 75 to 150 minutes and the 150 to 300 minutes interval. Increases were in the part of 10 to 30 mm Hg for systolic blood pressure and 5 to 10 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure. (Vollenweider et al. 1998 pp.245_246) This study shows a similarity in changes in systolic blood pressure, and a lesser similarity in changes in diastolic blood pressure. The circumstance of hypertensive crisis suggests caution in potential use and study.