censored :: essays research papers

Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech.(United States Constitution) However, it seems more or less everywhere many forms of art are being rawly ban. nonpareil such form that is often overlooked as art is music. medicine is belike the most censored of all art forms(The Economist p 73) on that point are hundreds of artists who have been unfairly censored, ranging from popular music from artists such as Eminem, 2 Live Crew, and NWA, to classical music, such as Mozarts Figaro. However unfair and unconstitutional this censorship is, the fact is that questionable music and lyrics are encouraging spinnable young children to follow their messages. Rappers like DMX or NWA, preaching gang madness often are the straw that breaks the camels back, and finally pushes a child looking for advocate into the world of gangs. The truth is that these children need to be protected from the tart realities of the world surrounding them, but is censoring music the right way to do it?No corporation can exist without authority of government. Government shouldnt allow corporations that infect and contaminate the minds of children to be allowed to exist. (Dr. C. Delores Tucker before senate subcommittee). This is one resolving that seems to make good sense to many to support the censorship of music. Music of artists such as NWA, who urges their listners to say, F*ck the Police, or Eminem, who says hell Kill You, surround children, oddly in urban areas. This type of music encourages children to get into do drugss and gang violence. In the past eight years, the period in which gangsta rap has been heavily promoted, teenage drug use has increased more than four-fold (Dr. C Delores Tucker). The government is the underlying author that allows corporations to send messages like these to children, and the government is the only resource we can use to checkout it. Young people often look to performing artists for moral guidance and inspiration as well as entertai nment, but when these artists glorify guns and beatings they are injecting embitter into the veins of Americas future (Coretta Scott King). This argument is not isolated to urban areas, or rap music. In fact, hard rock groups have been blessed as the cause of several school shootings. The shooting at Columbine game School in Littleton Colorado was attributed to the music of Marilyn Manson. The most recent shooting blamed on occured in Santee California the alleged shooter had said that he was listening to Linkin Parks album, Hybrid Theory the night before the shooting.censored essays research papers Congress shall make no law abridging the freedom of speech.(United States Constitution) However, it seems almost everywhere many forms of art are being unfairly censored. One such form that is often overlooked as art is music. Music is probably the most censored of all art forms(The Economist p 73) There are hundreds of artists who have been unfairly censored, ranging from popular music from artists such as Eminem, 2 Live Crew, and NWA, to classical music, such as Mozarts Figaro. However unfair and unconstitutional this censorship is, the fact is that questionable music and lyrics are encouraging impressionable young children to follow their messages. Rappers like DMX or NWA, preaching gang violence often are the straw that breaks the camels back, and finally pushes a child looking for guidance into the world of gangs. The truth is that these children need to be protected from the harsh realities of the world surrounding them, but is censoring music the right way to do it?No corporation can exist without authority of government. Government shouldnt allow corporations that infect and contaminate the minds of children to be allowed to exist. (Dr. C. Delores Tucker before senate subcommittee). This is one solution that seems to make good sense to many to support the censorship of music. Music of artists such as NWA, who urges their listners to say, F*ck the Poli ce, or Eminem, who says hell Kill You, surround children, especially in urban areas. This type of music encourages children to get into drugs and gang violence. In the past eight years, the period in which gangsta rap has been heavily promoted, teenage drug use has increased more than four-fold (Dr. C Delores Tucker). The government is the underlying power that allows corporations to send messages like these to children, and the government is the only resource we can use to stop it. Young people often look to performing artists for moral guidance and inspiration as well as entertainment, but when these artists glorify guns and beatings they are injecting poison into the veins of Americas future (Coretta Scott King). This argument is not isolated to urban areas, or rap music. In fact, hard rock groups have been blamed as the cause of several school shootings. The shooting at Columbine High School in Littleton Colorado was attributed to the music of Marilyn Manson. The most recent sho oting blamed on occured in Santee California the alleged shooter had said that he was listening to Linkin Parks album, Hybrid Theory the night before the shooting.

Joseph Contrads Heart of Darkness :: essays research papers

&8220The Horror The HorrorJoseph Conrad&8217s &8220Heart of Darkness is not just a tense tale of a man&8217s journey to one of the Earth&8217s few remaining frontiers, the African Congo it is a psychological shrewdness into thetrue pits of the human mind, in search of the true &8220heart of darkness, which resides not geographically, but is a part of all of us, living under the restraints of society and civilization. Conrad explores the appraisal that under the taboos and societal mandates, there is a potential for actions and beliefs that are shocking to the common individual. Yet, if a man is released to do ashe wills, without society to estimate him, he can cross into a state-of-being that we consider primal and non-human. Without civilization, one would become an agent free to do whatever he chooses, and will do it willingly.Conrad demonstrates and hints at this conclusion using several literary devices, ranging from symbolism to the subtle changes in Marlowe, the narrator, that represent his growing distancefrom civilization and reality. The strongest device and example of this phenomenon is the shift of Mr. Kurtz, the director of the Inner Station. In this essay, I will explain and analyze Kurtz&8217s &8220de-humanity, and how effective it is in achieving Conrad&8217s goal. This &8220deconstruction of Kurtz culminates with his utterance of the phrase, &8220The horror The horror, as he lay dying. Yet, first we must explain what Kurtz was before he stepped over the edge.From the moment Marlowe arrives on the coast of Africa, he hears tales of an incredible man, who runs a job post deep in the Congo. The accountant at the first station said, &8220He Kurtzis a remarkable person.... Sends in as much ivory as all the others put together.... (Conrad 33-34) The bricklayer at the second station calls Kurtz an &8220universal genius (43). Marlowe himself tells us that Kurtz is an educated man, who had originally been commissioned to bring civilization and lig ht into this, one of the darkest and vilest places on the Earth. Furthermore, the International Society for the Suppression of Savage Customs has asked to Kurtz to submit a report, for the future reference of the Society. Marlowe, himself, has reads the report and refers to it as a &8220beautiful piece of writing yet, by means of Kurtz&8217s rhetoric on how the superior white man has a responsibility to civilize and help the primitive natives, the report ends with a phrase scrawled in unsteady handwriting and it reads, &8220Exterminate all the brutes (66) The last entry into his report gives a hint at what has become to the &8220remarkable Mr.

Partition of India Essay examples -- History, Muslim Hindu

In 1947 British rulers of India divided India in two countries. Pakistan consisting of Islamics bulk provinces and India with Hindus and other religious majority people (cite?). This burstitioning was due to the demands by Muslims who establish it impossible to live with Hindus as they were socially, morally and religiously different from them. Process of this Muslim Hindu separation was started out by Muslim educator Sir Syed Ahmed khan who in 1857 established the Mohamadan Oriental Collage to educate Muslims in Aligarh which would later become known as the Aligarh University. In 1906, to sound reflection the growing influence of Hindu majority, graduates of this university organized a party of their own and named it the All India Muslim League. This party played a pivotal role in making Muslims politically supple and making the British aware of their concerns. Ultimately, in 1947 under the leadership of Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the party succeeded in the creation of Pakistan. As Sir Syed Ahmed caravansary and his accessory were working for Muslims to have a political voice, there were others, for example, Allan Octavian Hume and Dadabhai among others who, in 1885, organized the Indian National Congress party. Initially, its purpose was to demand the British government to give more jobs for educated Indians scarce later on, under the leadership of Mohandas Gandhi and Pundit Nehru, it worked for liberty from British rule resulting in 1947 in creation of Hindu majority country India. Sir Syed Ahmed KhanSir Syed Ahmad Khan has become to be known as the most influential educationist and political Muslim leader in India (cite?). in the first place the British colonized India, exponent Emperors encouraged education for both Hindus and Muslims in one pla... ...Singh, into India .Pakistan not agreeing to this decision invaded Kasmir Pakistan in 1947 launched a military attack and succeeded in occupying a small part and established a province called Azad Kashmir. Since than there have been multiple wars between India and Pakistan on this issue and there has been ongoing conflict for independence within Indias Kashmir which India has been trying to forcibly put down resulting in wide spread human right abuses.Lord Louis MountbattenLord Mountbatten ,Born June twenty-fifth 1900 in England, was a adorn navy admiral who in 1947 became last Viceroy of India. As a viceroy he was tasked to negotiate with Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Gandhi and Nehru and overseas Independence of India and Pakistan. From 1947 to 1948 after independence he became the first governer general of India On august 27th 1979 He was assassinated in bomb blast. Partition of India Essay examples -- History, Muslim HinduIn 1947 British rulers of India divided India in two countries. Pakistan consisting of Muslims majority provinces and India with Hindus and other religious majority people (cite?). This partition was due to the demands by Muslims who found it impossible to live with Hindus as they were socially, morally and religiously different from them. Process of this Muslim Hindu separation was started out by Muslim educator Sir Syed Ahmed Khan who in 1857 established the Mohamadan Oriental Collage to educate Muslims in Aligarh which would later become known as the Aligarh University. In 1906, to counter the growing influence of Hindu majority, graduates of this university organized a party of their own and named it the All India Muslim League. This party played a pivotal role in making Muslims politically active and making the British aware of their concerns. Ultimately, in 1947 under the leadership of Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the party succeeded in the creation of Pakistan. As Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and his colleague were working for Muslims to have a political voice, there were others, for example, Allan Octavian Hume and Dadabhai among others who, in 1885, organized the Indian National Congress party. Initially, its purpose was to d emand the British government to provide more jobs for educated Indians but later on, under the leadership of Mohandas Gandhi and Pundit Nehru, it worked for Independence from British rule resulting in 1947 in creation of Hindu majority country India. Sir Syed Ahmed KhanSir Syed Ahmad Khan has become to be known as the most influential educationist and political Muslim leader in India (cite?). Before the British colonized India, Mogul Emperors encouraged education for both Hindus and Muslims in one pla... ...Singh, into India .Pakistan not agreeing to this decision invaded Kasmir Pakistan in 1947 launched a military attack and succeeded in occupying a small part and established a province called Azad Kashmir. Since than there have been multiple wars between India and Pakistan on this issue and there has been ongoing struggle for independence within Indias Kashmir which India has been trying to forcibly put down resulting in wide spread human right abuses.Lord Louis Mountbatten Lord Mountbatten ,Born June 25th 1900 in England, was a decorated navy admiral who in 1947 became last Viceroy of India. As a viceroy he was tasked to negotiate with Mohammed Ali Jinnah, Gandhi and Nehru and overseas Independence of India and Pakistan. From 1947 to 1948 after independence he became the first governer general of India On august 27th 1979 He was assassinated in bomb blast.

Anne of Green Gables :: essays research papers

The book I chose for my book report is Anne of Green Gables. It is written by L. M Montgomery. I really liked this book. This book is a fiction book. It was funny in some parts. Anne is a really funny character and I liked reading active what she would do next.The main characters are Anne Shirley, Marilla, Matthew, Diana, and Gilbert. Anne is an orphan who has a wild imagination and loves to talk. She has red hair and freckles She is adopted by Matthew and Marilla. Matthew is a shy, old man and is really kind. His sister is Marilla. Marilla is very protective of Anne. She loves her very much, but doesnt want to tell her. Diana is a very pretty young girl who is Annes dress hat friend. Gilbert is a boy whom all the girls like, except for Anne. He gets on her nerves all of the time.The story takes authority on Prince Edward Island in Canada. It also takes place in the town of Avonlea. The home that Anne, Matthew, and Marilla is called Green Gables.The story begins when Matthew and Marilla want to adopt a boy. Instead, when Matthew goes to Carmody to get him, he finds that there is a girl instead. Her name is Anne Shirley. He takes her anyway and Marilla gets mad. She tries to give her to someone else, but they dont like her so Marilla decides to keep her. Anne met Diana one daytime. They become best friends. One the first day of school, Anne met Gilbert Blythe. He made Anne so mad by calling her carrots she hit him over the head with her slate and broke it. She never forgave him for saying that nearly her. One day Anne has Dianna over to her house and Diana drinks raspberry cordial and gets drunk. Anne gets in trouble and she cant see Diana anymore. She couldnt talk to her. A date later, Anne is at her home when she sees Diana running towards the door. She says that her sister is sick and Anne goes to Dianas house and helps get her sister better. Matthew called the doctor. After that, Anne was allowed to see Diana again. Diana had a birthday party and the girls started to put to work truth or dare. Anne got a dare to walk across the roof. She fell and broke her ankle and had to moss the first part of school.

Differences Between the Republican National Party and the Democratic Na

Differences Between the republican National Party and the antiauthoritarian National Party Since the beginning of American politics, we have lived in a two ships company political system. These two parties play a very important role in our government, they be a source of ideas for public policy, and they legally oppose severally other, forcing compromises of ideas that are beneficial to the people of the United States of America. Though these two parties generally always oppose each other on the issues, some people weigh that there are not significant differences between the Democratic National Party and the Republican National Party. When the domestic economic issues of the 1996 and 1992 presidential elections are examined, the Republican National Party and the Democratic National Party show themselves to be very different. A 1996 Gallup poll showed that approximately 45% of Americans believe that there are no significant differences between the Republican National Party and th e Democrat National Party (Draft Democratic National Platform 35). These people pure tone that because both democrats and republicans talk slightly the same issues (tax cuts, education, the deficit), that they are in fact similar. These people do not know that, while both democrats and republicans talk about the same issues, the two parties often have very different views on these issues. On the issue of taxes in the 1992 presidential election, the Republicans called for more tax breaks than did the Democratic Party. Democratic presidential candidate Bill Clinton called for a research and development tax credit a low income housing tax credit and a keen-sighted term capital gains proposal for new businesses and business expansions (First Presidential Debate, 1992). The Rep... ...l Platform (1996 Democratic National Platform). congressional Quarterly Guide to the Democratic Convention. 17 Aug. 1996 35-52.First Presidential Debate, 1992. steering on Presidential Debates. Commissi on on Presidential Debates. 1996. 5 Oct. 1999 http//www.debates.org/Debates/92-1a.htm. Party Stresses Family Values, Decentralized Authority (1992 Republican National Platform). Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report. 22 Aug. 1992 2560-2581. Second 1996 Presidential Debate. Commission on Presidential Debates. Commission on Presidential Debates. 1996. 5 Oct. 1999 http//www.debates.org/sdiego.htm. Second Presidential Debate, 1992. Commission on Presidential Debates. Commission on Presidential Debates. 1996. 5 Oct. 1999 http//www.debates.org/Debates/92-2a.htm. Transcript of the First Presidential Debate. The Washington Post. 7 Oct. 1996 A08.

Differences Between the Republican National Party and the Democratic Na

Differences Between the republican National Party and the Democratic National Party Since the beginning of American politics, we have lived in a two party political system. These two parties play a very important role in our government, they are a source of ideas for public policy, and they de jure oppose each other, forcing compromises of ideas that are beneficial to the people of the United States of America. Though these two parties generally always oppose each other on the issues, about people conceptualise that there are not significant differences between the Democratic National Party and the Republican National Party. When the domestic economic issues of the 1996 and 1992 presidential elections are examined, the Republican National Party and the Democratic National Party show themselves to be very different. A 1996 Gallup poll showed that approximately 45% of Americans believe that there are no significant differences between the Republican National Party and the Democrat N ational Party (Draft Democratic National computer program 35). These people feel that because both democrats and republicans talk about the same issues (tax income cuts, education, the deficit), that they are in fact similar. These people do not know that, while both democrats and republicans talk about the same issues, the two parties often have very different views on these issues. On the issue of taxes in the 1992 presidential election, the Republicans called for more tax breaks than did the Democratic Party. Democratic presidential candidate Bill Clinton called for a research and development tax reference a low income housing tax credit and a long term capital gains proposal for new businesses and business expansions (First Presidential Debate, 1992). The Rep... ...l Platform (1996 Democratic National Platform). Congressional Quarterly happen to the Democratic Convention. 17 Aug. 1996 35-52.First Presidential Debate, 1992. Commission on Presidential Debates. Commission on Pr esidential Debates. 1996. 5 Oct. 1999 http//www.debates.org/Debates/92-1a.htm. Party Stresses Family Values, Decentralized Authority (1992 Republican National Platform). Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report. 22 Aug. 1992 2560-2581. help 1996 Presidential Debate. Commission on Presidential Debates. Commission on Presidential Debates. 1996. 5 Oct. 1999 http//www.debates.org/sdiego.htm. Second Presidential Debate, 1992. Commission on Presidential Debates. Commission on Presidential Debates. 1996. 5 Oct. 1999 http//www.debates.org/Debates/92-2a.htm. Transcript of the First Presidential Debate. The Washington Post. 7 Oct. 1996 A08.

The Effect of Divorced Parents to their Children

The explore must be qualified as representing median(a) differences and do non necessarily specify that each(prenominal) children in disseverd families are worse off than all children in inviolable families. Since there is so much discussion of the effectuate of part on school performance, I want to begin by addressing whether there are really any differences between children who locomote in split up families and children who live in married two-parent families (intact). The preponderance of the evidence appears to indicate that divorce does have negative cause on childrens adaptation and academic development. throw outmore, the specific effects differ from family to family.The argument that divorce has effects on the ability of a childs academic performance finds support in the case-control understand of Children of split Academic Outcome (Roizblatt et al, 1997). This study focuses on identifying the specific responses that are susceptible for the low academic outcome s, associated with different levels of hostility, aggression, anxiety, and depression that can last until adulthood. To build upon the hypotheses, the authors so examined whether subsequent disadvantages are careful in all aspects of education, from grade spotlights averages to regulate tests to exams/diplomas and years of completed education.The study was conducted at eight public schools in Santiago, Chile. A total of 446 children were examined where almost half the pupils were found to be of divorced families. The students results were based on the variables of age, sex, and average marks. In order to provide a means of equation for the experimental group, the authors had the control group (parents living together) choose names that are on the class list that fulfilled the requirement. The data was analyzed in averages, percentages, estimated odds ratio, and confidence levels.The results indicate that children of divorced parents were on average 20% more standardizedly to fail a course than a child of a controlled group. The average marks were in any case 20% lower for the non-intact children. However, the attendance was almost identical with both being 95 %. In this study, it is obvious that divorce has an impact on a childs academic performance.The relationship between intact and divorced children is further investigated in a study (Forehand et al, 1997) of the Cumulative Risks Across Family Stressors perfectly and Long Term Effects for Adolescents. Furthermore, it discusses claims made that children from divorced families had their grade point averages, academic achievements, and standardized intelligence test scores decreased during and after the psycho cordial adjustment.The study took place in two assessments, early adolescence and early adulthood. The study recruited for participation through local newspaper advertisements and fliers distributed to schools and posted throughout the local community. Additionally, some divorced families were i dentified through examination of courthouse records and subsequently contacted by mail or telephone. The families were paid $50 for their participation. Approximately six years after the first assessment, assume up research was conducted in which adults filled out questionnaires.In order to avoid common-method variance, individuals were assessed by independent sources adolescent self-report, teacher report, and school records. Letter grades were obtained from math, English, science, and social studies and were assigned numeric values. In the young adult phase, level of education was also taken into consideration. Several risk factors were include to make the results more effectual and consistent.The results of the epitome was shown and expressed through a Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). It showed a significant decrease in level of education completed, grade point averages, and achievement tests for both the adolescents and young adults. The researchers feel that parents being less (prenominal) available to assist and monitor the children and the conflicts between the parents heavily affects the child and his future. Whereas the article exhibited some weaknesses, it also contained strengths. For example, although only Caucasian people were used, the results did include data from more than one period (adolescence and young adulthood.) The evidence was correct with the authors prediction, indicating almost exactly what Forehand, Biggar, and Kotchick previously hypothesized.Further evidence that children of divorce do worse academically can be seen in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (1997). This survey proved that a divorce during a childs life affects his or her academic abilities during early schools years and throughout college.The previous studies provided answers in the controversy over academic standards of children of divorce. However, there is more to the relationship between a child and the academic abilities possessed. Another method of invest igating the relationship focuses on the effects of remarriage following divorce on the academic achievement of children. Although there exists considerable consensus among family theorists regarding the negative effects of divorce upon children both psychologically and in terms of academic achievement, the same consensus does not exist regarding the effects of remarriage. However, social scientists have upstartly accumulated a sizable amount of evidence indicating that remarriage has ill effects on many children.The ledger (Jeyenes et al, 1999), The Effects of Remarriage Following Divorce on the Academic Achievements of Children examines the assumption by educators that parental remarriage benefits children academically. Most educational researchers and theorists have given almost no exhortations to the take of children of divorce from reconstituted families. The primary reason has been that researchers and Americans, as a whole, believe that parental remarriage generally benefit ed children. The study included students from the 1988, 1990 and 1992 National Longitudinal Survey data sets that matched students by family structure, race, and socioeconomic status. The project was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Educations National Center for Statistics and designed by the National Opinion Research Center.The research included 24,599 students from 1052 schools. Questionnaires were given out to the parents, teachers, and students. Furthermore, achievement tests in math, reading, science, and social studies were administered to students. These tests were curriculum based cognitive tests used in overlapping methods to measure academic achievements.For all the standardized tests, the mean scores for children from divorced, reconstituted families were less than for both children of divorce from single-parent families and children from intact families. When matched for race and socioeconomic status, the differences were not statistically significant. Children livin g in a divorced, reconstituted family had negative results compared with an intact family. This fact was shown in all four-test measures lower in math, science, and social studies, but the smallest effect was in the reading test. Contrary to popular misconception, the children of reconstituted families scored lower in all aspects of the tests than children of divorce from single-parent families.These findings do not support the assumption held by many educators that children of divorce from reconstituted homes are better off than divorced and intact children. Actually, the results support the desire that children of divorce from reconstituted families are at an academic disadvantage versus their counterparts in intact families, and are no better off academically than children of divorce from single-parent families.To solidify the results of this research another journal similarly argues that the reconstitution of a family shows lower educational attainments. This is the (Jonsson et al, 1997) Journal of Family Dissolution, Family Reconstitution, and Childrens Education. The study is done both longitudinally and cross-sectionally on large and recent Swedish data. It demonstrates that compared to children in intact families, children who have experienced family reconstitution show lower academic and educational attainment.The journal examines the association between family structure and childrens educational attainment, measured as early school leaving and transition to upper secondary school. The research is done in Sweden, which is a society characterized by a generous and predominantly universal social policy. The respondents started school at age seven and passed through the comprehensive Swedish school system consisting of nine autocratic grades. The data consists of 120,000 cases that were studied for every aspect of a persons education. The Swedish Commission collected the information on Educational Inequality.First, the researchers found that children o f remarried parents go along at school after the compulsory years less often than did those from other family types. For example, they had an 8% more chance of leaving school and 20% less change of going on to college. These problems are due to both poorer performances in school as measured by lower grade point averages, as well as educational decisions on study programs. Both analyses demonstrated that Swedish children who have experienced family reconstitution show decreased academic proficiencies. The cross-sectional analysis shows that childrens attainment is markedly lower in reconstituted families consisting of two non-married parents than in single parent families. The study consistently reveals educational disadvantages for children from separated and remarried families, as measured by standardized tests, exams/diplomas, grade point average, and years of completed education.The analysis of the four aforementioned studies reveals much about the effects of divorce and remarri age on a childs education. It is obvious that children react to a major change in their lives with a plethora of powerful emotions. In both the Roizblatt and Forehand articles, divorce was shown to have a negative impact on grades and test scores throughout a childs career. However, there are numerous reasons explaining these effects including conflicts, stress, economic losses, and adjustments. In both the Jonsson and Jeynes articles, conclusions stated that remarriage adversely affects a childs education. However, reconstitution of a family may also have its advantages. Again, the child is faced with problems like not trying or not getting along with the new member of the family. Results show that the majority

Stereotyping in the Film the Birdcage (1996)

Marketing, education, suggestion and propaganda solely subtly influence the opinions and values a societys members hold. All too often, we mother no clear idea how we came to hold the opinions we develop over the course of our lifetimes. From the earliest days of the film industrys rise at the kickoff of the twentieth century, film has had an enormous impact in shaping public views and ideas about anything from what it substance to be a good citizen to what roles are acceptable and seemly in a civilized society.With the exception of academics and serious students in film or cultural studies, most movie-goers regard the viewing of films (with the exception whatsoevertimes of documentaries) as simply an entertainment activity when, very often, central to the experience is the swallowing of messages that the creators of the film wish to advance. Since films are often very expensive to produce, the films that find financial clientele must also meet with the approval of a societ ys elite, moneyed class.It is most often the case, then, that subtle messages and affirmations about the political, social and personal norms the plethoric class wishes to endorse and inculcate are embedded in films that reach a wide segment of the population. Richard Dyer, Professor of Film Studies at Kings College London, in his prove Stereo type (1), argues that one of the most common methods by which the dominant economic class attempts to reinforce the populaceview it wishes to have embraced by the mess, is the employment of stereotypes, which are often one-dimensional, static characterizations of people in various social roles or members of classes of people.These stereotypes range from the flattering depiction of Hero or Faithful Servant, for example, to the cartoonish, demonic or depraved portraits of a true member of a group of people whose behavior or values the dominant class finds antithetical to their interests. Dyer argues that learning to recognize the use of ste reotypes in films is provides some self-defense against being oblivious to the attempt to influence ones retrieveing and opinions.One much(prenominal) group which has long been the target of such propaganda via stereotyping in films is the pederastic community. It was with the rise of capitalism that homosexuality began to be seen as leading to lifestyles that were not conducive to the provision of good, stable, obedient workers.One of the most influential frameworks for analysis of human dealings and the evolution of social norms and political structures from the late 19th century through the present has been Marxist analysis, establish on the works of Karl Marx (1818-1883). Dyer employs Marxist analysis, with a gesticulate to sociological terminology (role, individual, type, member) to illustrate that stereotyping in film can occur through the use of iconography Iconography is a kind of short-handit places a character quickly and economically.P. 32), structurally (. by the fu nction of the character in the films structure whether these be static structures, such as the way the films world is shown to be organized, materially and ideologically, or dynamic ones, such as plot. P. 33, and through typing the opposite of individuation of characters, instead ascribing of attributes to a person based on the idea they are a certain type, and we can understand all we need to k right away about them by being familiar with that type.While we, generally, think of stereotyping in a negative light, one consideration clearly of great importance to Dyer is the idea that some aspect of typing insofar as the typing reflects the positive attributes of gay people should not be discarded entirely, since the recognition for the audience, of some level of commonality in the experience of being gay give serve to illuminate for stunners the struggles faced and the oppression experienced, hopefully leading to more support in the larger society for improved status and peer civ il rights for gay people.In analyzing the use of stereotypes in The Birdcage (Mike Nichols, 1996), I will argue that, while the use of stereotypes by the filmmakers was clearly done with the intention of exposing the stupidity of so many of societys prejudices, the film does not entirely succeed in leaving the audience with anything close to real motivation for re-thinking approval for the naturalised social idea that gays are somehow other and, at best, sympathetic clowns. The audience simply gets its laughs and goes family.A remake of the French film La Cage aux Folles (Jean Poiret and Francis Veber, 1978), Birdcage is roofy in drag club called The Birdcage in South Beach, Florida. We learn very early in the movie that Armand Goldman, contend by Robin Williams, owns the club and his partner, Albert, played by Nathan Lane, appears regularly as Starina, the shows star drag queen. The plot of the movie develops when Armands son Val becomes engaged to Barbara Keeley, the daughter of the hypocritical, ultraconservative Republican Ohio Senator Kevin Keeley, who is seeking re-election as the co-founder of the Coalition for Moral Order. In light of the engagement, the young agree decides that it is finally time for the two families to meet. However, Val requests that Armand and Albert must conceal their homosexuality for this meeting. Stereotyping is not just active in presenting the characters in Birdcage the sets also are highly uninspired and function almost as additional characters. The film opens with the camera panning around from the outside the club, and the viewer gets a quick look at the outside environment.They see bright lights in the night, palm trees, and pedestrians milling about the streets or waiting in line, all in scantily clad outfits and bathing suits. Sequences similar to this occur numerous times throughout the movie when showing the outside environment. Whether theyre at the coast or in the streets, day or night, the surround people a re dressed in skimpy clothing, small bikinis, or Speedos. This aspect of the environment is accent when the senator and his family are stuck in traffic right outside of the club, approximately seventy-five minutes into the film.While all the cars are stuck in traffic, people are chaotically mounting in and out of open-roofed cars or roller-skating by. Women and men in skimpy and brightly colored bikinis, thongs, and Speedos continuously pass the senators idled car while the family stares, aghast, and Mrs. Keely states, This is less worry Palm Beach than I imagined. Despite the fact that no indication is given that there is any special occasion being celebrated in South Beach, the carnival-like atmosphere and setting depicts the gay generated environment in a one-dimensional, stereotyped manner.While the sexual orientations of the pedestrians is not defined, these sequences are stereotypical cues that the sultry, brightly colored, free-wheeling Florida locale surrounding the drag club, an environment where all the citizens present themselves flamboyantly and provocatively through their dress is to be seen as the typical environment for such a club, a gay paradise. The home of Armand and Albert, located above The Birdcage, is abundantly interior decorationated with stereotypically gay ornamentation. Every available surface is purposefully adorned with lit candles, decadent spyglass sculptures, flouncy lamps, poufed pillows and homoerotic artwork.The walls are either bright yellow or covered in obnoxious, loud, jungle-themed wallpaper. The significance of the iconographically gay character of the setting is emphasized when Val makes clear that the decor poses as big a pitfall for the senators visit, as does the presence of drag queen, Albert. Approximately thirty-six minutes into the film, Val insists that they redecorate prior to the Keeleys arrival. Armand does not understand what is wrong with the decor, and Val points out to a nude sculpture of Neptune, a portrait of a man in drag without his wig, numerous primitive sculptures delineation exaggerated male erections.At first, an offended Armand replies But this is art and casually turns the erect sculptures around to face the wall, but eventually, out of love for his son, he gives in and clears his home of the many gay signaling items he possesses, completely redesigning it into a setting similar to a Catholic monastery (Armand is Jewish. ). The most ridiculously, screamingly stereotyped character in Birdcage of Armands spouse, the drag queen star, Albert.It is no accident that the character, Albert, is the embodiment, not only of the drag queen type, but also of the worst stereotyped version of a woman shrill, melodramatic, self-absorbed, vain, overly emotional, and prone to hysterics, suspicion and jealousy. The viewer is introduced to him five minutes into the film while he is in a fit of hysterics. Albert, suddenly devastated by the recognition that he is no longer young and beautiful, and convinced Armand is losing interest in him, is extremely upset and refuses to prepare for his nightly stage performance.The audience instantaneously sees that Albert is overreacting by the melodramatic way he behaves in this scene. As Armand attempts to enter the dressing room, Albert, who was previously hiding under some sheets, wailing and lamenting his sorrows to the couples housekeeper Agador, squeals and barricades the door because he doesnt want Armand to see him in his hideous, hideous, fat and hideous state. Even in the chaos of Armand trying to break into the room, Alberts shrieks are completely audible over the ruckus. Once Armand enters the room, Albert begins to make melodramatic claim after melodramatic claim Im in such painItll never pass I hate my life. Never mind about me feelings. Dont use that tone to methat sarcastic, contemptuous tone that means you know everything because you are a man, and I know nothing because I was a woman, I was adorable o nce, young and full of hope and now look at me Im this short, fat, insecure middle-aged little thing Such behavior and sentiments are typically attributed to the stereotypical, emotionally unstable and abruptly dependent woman, Alberts character embodies the classically drawn stereotype of a melodramatic, overly emotional, ridiculous gay man who might as well be considered a woman.While Alberts raging hysterics, melodramatic behavior and prissiness was on full display in this particular scene, his diva-like self-absorption and hysterical reactions are carried throughout the entire film, with the exceptional surprise when he rises to the occasion and saves the day, later in the film Fifty minutes into the film, in an attempt to win the favor of Barbaras parents, Armand tries to teach Albert how to give himself as a straight man. This attempt, however, is completely unsuccessful.No matter how hard he tries, Albert cannot walk without swishing his hips while holding out the palms o f his hands, his posture is too upright, and the register of his persona is too high. The fact that Albert is incapable of pretending not to be a flamboyant, over-the-top, and extremely feminine person tells the viewer that his gay-ness is what completely defines his entire personality and every aspect of his behavior, and further sets the stereotype in stone.Structurally, the characterization of the family relationship between Armand and Albert is reduced by its definition as reflecting a cartoonish parody of the stereotypical traditionally defined roles played by husband and wife. While it is clear that the Albert has a more feminine personality than Armand, the film also depicts Albert as the mother and caretaker of the household.For example, xx minutes into the film, Armand is silently reading the newspaper and drinking coffee in the kitchen, Albert is feverishly folding the laundry, babbling about matters such as how ratty Vals shirt is and how he got a pork roast for dinne r instead of fillet minion. This scene and many others show how this movie depicts the roles of a gay relationship as being identical to the stereotypical gender roles of a heterosexual couple. There is no question that the creators of this film intentionally employed thoroughly stereotyped characters.There is little to no individual character development whatsoever. However, since these stereotypes are so over-the-top and blatant, there must have been a conscious effort on the part of the filmmakers to feed into such stereotypes. This film is merely a lighthearted nod towards the ridiculous stereotypes that much of society today believes to be completely possible depictions of homosexuals. Therefore, such obvious stereotyping does not outweigh the comedy or the quality of the film, but rather define it.

Outdoor Advertising and Product Placement Essay

The media tools that we suggest for Anlene is outdoor advertising which is under the traditional media channel. Outdoor advertising is any advertizing that publicizes the product and services at outdoor. There are more than 40 types of outdoor advertising, with billboards being the most widely recognized media. Types of outdoor advertising involve bus benches billboards, taxis, poster and so on. Billboard advertising is one of the most popular ways of advertising outdoors because it seems everyone strike offs those big billboards when they are driving, being a passenger in a car, or walkwaying d witness the street. Billboard advertising can be large and spectacular, making passenger major circumspection getting device. Anlene can be choosing a specific and great geographic area can works well for promoting the product. It can target the potential peoples in particular area. It is a large billboard advertising that can found in highway, traffic area, city area and so on.If Anlene can build a billboard on a potential placement, it can catch peoples aid and create a memorable touch. After them leaving the billboard, they leave recall back the advertisement that driven past it. driver must pay attention to the traffic as they travel by the billboard. Anlene can get hold of some area which normally occur traffic jam. When people stuck in slow-moving traffic, they entrust spend more time to look at the billboard. Driver usually read the billboard while passed at high speed so it should give up large and clear word print or apprehend image in brilliant colour. Anlene can use clear and simple billboard so that it can easily bring an impression and message to viewer.Since a billboard stay in the same place for a period of a month or more, people who drive by or walk past, they will see the same billboard a number of times. Since the people who see the billboard of Anlene number of time, it wills quickly gaining the popularity of Anlene brand. As we know, the colour of Anlene is already created an impression for customer which is green and white. Therefore, the billboard of Anlene is using green and white colour so that when driver view by far away, they automatically can notice that the billboard advertising is Anlene.Anlene can have a creative and using colour to attract the viewer, it have more impact. Digital billboard also large-hearted of outdoor advisement, it can show the creative and the colour of Anlene to catch attention of people. But digital billboard more likely have to build in traffic area, airport and some of the place that can take a few minutes to watch it. Billboard is a 24 hour icon advertisement, it is more catch more attention of viewer than others media tools. growth placementThe second media tools we suggest for Anlene is product placement which is under alternative marketing tools. fruit placement is an advertising technique used by companies to promote their products through a non-traditional advertising te chnique, usually through appearances in enter, television, or other media. Product placements are often initiated through an agreement between a product manufacturer and the media company in which the media company receives economic benefit. A company will often pay a fee to have their product used, displayed, or significantly featured in a movie or show. Anlene companies are attempt to promoting their products in popular movies and television shows. These advertisements can be seen in popular films. Due to the major success of advertising in movies and TV shows, the marketers move on to the next level and started to use web videos, video plot of grounds, music videos and other entertainment mediums.Product placement offers several advantages to manufacturers, producers and movie stars. It provided Anlen companies with an opportunity to be associated with famed actors and to use movie footage and stills to conveniently advertise the products. As it pertains to the producers and actors, they earned substantial amount in fees as well as the chance to endorse brands in various film. When a star uses a branded product in a film, theres an implied celebrity endorsement of that product. This can create a high level of awareness and a strong emotional connection to that product. A high profile star may draw more attention to Anlene product. It can change audiences purchase behaviours and creating favourable practitioners views on the brand. Product placement is and investment for brands that trying to reach audience.There are strong reasons for investors to expect that film product placement will increase consumer awareness of particular brand. Product placement can let people to recognize Anlene brand names that appeared in the movies. Anlene can place their product to fits with the image of film. When Anlene brand product placement is done well, it allows consumers to see the brand whether they watch their favourite film at dwelling on television, by renting a DVD or online on their computer. The purpose is to achieving the audience exposure, attention and interest. It helps Anlene to increase their brand awareness and also grade consumer create instant recognition in the media vehicle.High involvement is required to view a movie than for viewing television. A majority of movie watchers have a positive attitude toward this form of marketing communication, feeling it is preferable to commercials shown on the screen before the movie. More frequent viewers and they will admire movie more and pay more attention to product placement in the movie. Product and brands nowadays can expand into video games and even creating their own games. Active product placement in computer games can have positive effects. Anlene can exposure their product in a computer game can increase the brand attitude among consumers whose original attitude toward the brand is fairly low. Product placement within computer games has been found to be an stiff mean of buil ding high brand recall and even of influencing consumers less positively predisposed toward the brand.

The Success of Adidas’ Olympic Games Brand Strategy

At first glance, the dim forecasts which surrounded the merger of adidas and Reebok come along to have come true. For three masteryive years after the merger, adidas AG has yet to fully benefit from the expected synergies of the two companies, with Reebok steadily posting a negative growth in net sales and profits.In 2007, for instance, the company posted a measly 2. 1 percent sales growth, obviously dragged by reeboks low performance. (Adidas AGa, 2007) As predicted, the main problem facing adidas is adeptly managing a brand portfolio specially with two highly similar brands and product offerings.On the other hand, Adidas is currently creation a new promotional campaign based on the 2008 Olympics which has the potential to increase Reeboks presence in the Asiatic market and revive its disinclination sales performance. Clearly, Adidas Olympics themed promotional campaign is bound to have a positive impact in raising the companys brand equity especially in the Asian market. Undou btedly, the Adidas Olympics campaign is a significant part of adidas global strategy of penetrating and dominating the Asian market.This strategy is primarily targeted at capturing a significant market share by ensuring adidas presence and leadership in China, which is Asias biggest market. As the formal sponsor of the Olympics in China, adidas is able to communicate to the Asian market the companys corporate values of a passion for sports and a sporting lifestyle. (Adidas AGa, 2007) According to the company, the Olympic Games campaign with the rallying cry together in 2008, unthinkable is Nothing is about rallying the nation and showing how the entire Chinese nation is supporting their athletes and the Games themselves. (Adidas AGb, 2007) Likewise, the Olympic campaign builds on Adidas early brand motto, United by Sport which reflects the companys sporting culture. In this aspect, Adidas has an advantage over its rivals, particularly Nike, as adidas sponsorship of the Beijing Olympics not whole associates the company with the symbolic meanings of sports and the Olympic Games unless also complements Adidas forward integration strategy through the presence of 4000 adidas retail stores in China.(The China Business Network, 2008) pout & Schultz (2001) note, for instance, that brand success is determined by the strategic alignment between company image, vision, and culture. (p. 5) Adidas participation in the Beijing Olympics guarantee a higher aim of exposure and promotion of adidas retail outlets, while at the same time reinforcing adidas favorable image for Chinese and other Asian consumers. Meanwhile the primary threats to the success of adidas Olympics campaign are guerilla marketing tactics of rival companies and the controversies that prominent brands often attract from their participation in highly publicized events.Svetlicic & Vial (2008) observe, for instance, that although Adidas is the official TOP sponsor for the 2008 Olympic Games, 22 of Chin as 28 teams will be wearing Nike during their athletic performances. (p. 19) Hence, adidas most stringent rival whitethorn be employing a more cost-effective way of branding the Olympics through direct athlete sponsorships. Likewise, Wagner (2008) warns that the sponsors of the Beijing Olympics are pursuing a risky, double-pronged strategy by highlighting their presence in the games with Chinese consumers while downplaying this in the West.However, adidas Olympics sponsorships may be able to hurdle these challenges. For instance, Nikes guerilla marketing tactics may backfire among Asian consumers who might interpret Nikes branding efforts vis-a-vis its refusal to sponsor the Olympics as insincere and cheap. In contrast, sponsoring the Olympics differentiates Adidas culture and image from its rival Nike, as it could be seen as a sign of the companys commitment to sports. Likewise, adidas does not have the same baggage that Nike has in terms of being embarassingly associated with sw eatshop labor, which could isolate it from controversies.Thus, it is clear that Adidas Olympic Games Campaign will succeed in establishing the company as the sporting goods leader not only in China but in the Asian market. Works Cited Adidas AGa (2007). Annual Report 2007. Retrieved Aug. 13, 2008 from http//www. adidas-group. com/en/News/archive/2008/05_06_2008. asp Adidas AGb (2007). adidas China launches its olympic games campaign Together in 2008, Impossible is Nothing. Retrieved Aug. 13, 2008 from http//www. press. adidas. com/DesktopDefault. aspx/tabid-11/16_read-8434/ Hatch, M. J. & M. Schultz (Feb.2001). Are the strategic stars aligned for your corporate brand? Harvard Business Review. Svetlicic, Z. & F. H. Vial (2008). The four fronts of the upcoming olympic battle. The Hub, 2518-21. Wagner, W. (2008). Sponsors Find Olympic Connection a Double-Edged Sword. Retrieved Aug. 13, 2008 from http//www. spiegel. de/international/business/0,1518,552074,00. html The China Business N etwork (2008). Adidas and the Beijing 2008 Olympics. Retrieved Aug. 13, 2008 from http//thechinabusinessnetwork. com/Advertising-and-PR/adidas-and-The-Beijing-2008-Olympics. html

Family Bond Essay

The family system is the most conspicuous bond in the kindly scheme of things. This bond ties people to each other with invisible strings of love and c atomic number 18, each one bonded to all others in his/her entirety. The family that consists of the elders brothers, sisters and children are all bound to each other no matter how far away they may be from each other physically. The family is the inspiration of each several(prenominal) appendage and, above all, it is the objective for which each individual ingredient lives and works. The encouragement from the family helps one to achieve marathon goals, and it is the family only that, at time forces a psyche to adopt the wrong path. Thus the family is of so much importance to every member that, its bonds are in reality responsible for whatever each member achieves or loses. The family is as if the polebone on which the bodies of the individuals in it stand. It is the family that acts as a booster for each one in it and, it is th e same family that at times becomes a stumbling block in the growth of an individual in it. This is because the bonds of love are too great to be set apart and as we often arrest that love is blind.It is this same blind love of the family that may at times prove to be a hindrance to growth For example, a child in the family may be brilliant in studies but the extreme and blind love of the parents wants to receive him as the next Sachin Tendulkar. They, in trying to fulfill their dream may try to impose their desire on the child and he, in the bargain loses track of studies. At the same time since he has no disputation for cricket, he does not spellage to achieve anything in that sphere also. Thus, due to the unquestioned love and bond of the family, the child loses out on both fronts. He is unable to become Sachin Tendulkar and neither has he been able to keep pace with his studies. In this way, the bonds of the family prove to be disastrous also. At the same time, with the bac king and clog of the family, a child can work wonders as, it is here he gets all the encouragement and back up support. Besides being a support for the children of a family it has often been heard that, behind every successful man, there is a woman.This again goes to show how much the backing of a good co-operative wife helps the man also to grow in his career. Thus it is seen that the family bonds play a very prominent part in making or breaking each member of the family. It is from broken homes that, drug addicts, juvenile criminals are also created, so much is the importance of the bonds of a family. So much for parents and children in a family. Even grandparents consider an intrinsic role to play in the growth of the individuals. If the children play and accept fun with grandparents, they develop a liking for elders, and they learn to respect elders. Once they see their parents behaving well with the grandparents they also learn how to behave with elders. This presence of eld ers in a family makes the bonds still more pleasant and more lasting.Like everything else, bonds of a family also have their advantages and disadvantages. However, the disadvantages are so minuscule that, the prominent advantages overpower them and the essence of family life and its bonds appear to be just worth it. Where there is a family to fall back upon, even hard times of misfortune, it becomes easier to bear and this is just what family bonds is all about. These bonds are so strong that, no power can break them or extirpate them. It is however great luck to get the fortune of a fully blooming family with all its bonds in place.

Mun Ga Resolution

RESOLUTION 1-1 Topic Approaches to Prevent the Acquisition of Weapons of circumstances Destruction (WMDs) by Terrorist and Extremist Organizations Sponsor Angola Bearing in mind that a Weapon of Mass Destruction is any nuclear, chemical, or biological weapon that can ca handling indiscriminate death or injury on a large scale, Taking note of the terrorist group AL-Qaeda along with some North Caucasus terrorist groups that have consistently stated that they seek nuclear weapons and have try to acquire themFurther reminds that Osama bin Laden has stated that the acquisition of nuclear weapons or other weapons of mass destruction is a religious duty, Noting with deep business the secrecy of the possession of a nuclear weapon and the forces that follow due to the difficulty to locate the weapon, Viewing with appreciation the Treaty of Pelindaba (signed in 1996 and came to effect in 2009) which establishes a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Africa,Deeply Disturbed by the attack of Hiroshim a and Nagasaki conducted by the United States in WWII and the effects of the nuclear bombings that caused large amounts of destruction and injury, Applauds the Weapons of Mass Destruction Directorates (WMDD) measures to prevent threats from becoming an attack, Taking into account the access of nuclear weapons in the U. S. , UK, France, Russia, China, Pakistan, India, and North Korea, The Republic of Angola, 1. Calls upon the creation of a committee that focuses on terrorist groups and their use and retention of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and the ame of the committee as, The Research Committee of the Abolishment of Terrorism/Extremist Groups and Their Use of WMDs (RCAT) 2. Requests the RCAT conduct the following research of a) the availability of WMDs to terrorist and extremist groups b) what WMD certain terrorist groups are holding or trying to gain possession of, such as stated in preambulatory clause 2 and on line 3 & 4 c) Focusing on where these groups are learning how t o make and/or getting these weapons from as well as where they store them 3.Requests monetary resource from countries who oppose and whom are affected by terrorist and extremist groups 4. Further requests that troops, from the countries who are providing funds, be brought into countries who have agreed to such aid, with large amounts of terrorist/extremist threats for a uttermost of 6 months while the committee is in research, in hope for protection and security for those who are affected and giving information to the RCAT to further gain conflict from witnesses who know of these groups to suppress the groups progress . Calls for all countries to properly maintain their WMDs and the supplies to create them, in order to keep these supplies from exposure, in fear of the creation and possession of WMDs by terrorist/extremist groups also in fear of a potential attack 6.Suggests that WMDs and supplies are maintained in a facility that is guarded by dexterous government officials and t ake recommendations from other nations, who are experienced in storing them, and use their recommendations to determine the site, building, and measures to keep them safely secured and from getting into the hands of terrorists and extremists groups 7. Asks for full support from countries creation affected by terrorism and

Christopher Morley Essay

On Christopher Morleys On Laziness, he presents the topic of laziness, persuading his auditory sense about the allure indolence through rhetorical effect and appeal to human nature. Slothfulness, which is typically regarded as a weakness or sin, is transformed into a means to enlightened living using rhetorical effect. As an essayist on laziness, Morley presents his subject to the audience in the didactic and amic qualified tone, using a sophisticated dictation to provide style.Morley advertises the attractiveness of laziness by appealing to some of societys greatest desire relief from responsibility, respect, happiness, and enlightenment. Similar to the styles of propagandistic advertisers in unSpun, in his essay Chris Morley is able to guarantee the readers something valuable for nothing, or rather from doing nothing. As the common man, the writer achieves this scheme by being able to communicate with the common man, knowing their own traits and quims for his own. The tone of On Laziness is shrewd, yet friendly, like a wise mentor spreading his doctrines to benefit his pupils. Morley swampy philosophy is a relative ideology, seen in even contemporary society today, i.e. Hakuna Matata, the popularized Swahili phrase (made famous from The Lion King,) directly translating, No worries.In addition, in enmity of the vintage publication date (1920s), Morley use of prosaic anecdotes can be identified with the common man of any decade, the bustling man who is asked to solve the problems of different people and neglect his own. People respect laziness. In this statement, indolences character is established and given an irrefutable, and admirable reputation. Everything knows about laziness, but this essay rather done condoning it, celebrates this human trait by exclaiming how the happiest men are often the laziest. Morley uses articulate vocabulary in his diction, using the eloquence of his public lecture to contain the audience into believing that the subject to whom he presents is as sophisticated and intelligent as his language.Christopher Morley further achieves his utilisation by employing rhetorical effect, the means of persuasive speech that is established through linguistic appeals, logos- logic ethos- character and pathos emotion Christopher emphasizes on the two latter rhetoric aspects, ethos and pathos. Doctor Johnson, who was one if the greatest philosophers, was lazy. simply by mentioning the title, Doctor, Morley immediately establishes credibility, because who wouldnt trust a doctor? Also, it is noticeable to see how Morley instantly links philosophy with laziness, inspiring a lineament of revered thoughtfulness that is linked with philosophers.Additionally, the immortal Biography, just like the Bible or the Torah or the Quran, merely capitalizing a letter creates a reverence relatable to saintly texts.One should be careful to distinguish laziness from dignified repose. Through quoting the words of O. Henry, the essayist further establishes ethos, connecting his own c at oncept in a overlap conviction with that a famous and talented writer. On Laziness also appeals to pathos in some of societys most desired objectives, enlightenment, happiness, and relaxation. In an almost marketing sales- esque pitch, the writer implies that ones state of torpor, which is attainable into any human psyche, can guarantee these qualities.Christopher Morleys essay, On Laziness, rebuttals the dubiousness purpose of languor, showing the audience how this subject can eliminate the stress and trouble in our lives, by simply expanding on what weve naturally experienced and long for once again. This syntax of this document appeals to some of denizens longing to become enlightenment philosophers, laziness being such an enticing road to becoming so without actually doing any walking. The acquired laziness, though matter how much of an oxymoron it may sound like, is by Morleys definition, a determined way of life, not by negl ect of strength or resolution, but as a premeditated choice.

Beers and Cutler Company

The Beers and Cutler family provides accounting and consulting services for otherwise organizations, institutions, or other clients that might require their services. (Firm Profile, 2008) The company to begin with acts as an accounting firm, but other tasks and roles carried out by Beers and Cutler include tax and auditing, and even major(ip) business-related operations and processes such as strategic planning and consultancy for other business processes.(Industry Profile invoice Services, 2008) However, the latter aforementi singled services provided by Beers and Cutler are only available in Washington, D. C. (Sarath, 2008) The company has been almost since 1967 operating primarily for the real estate industry. However, the aim of Beers and Cutler company to expand and add value to the its reputation, image, and capabilities do it to venture into new fields and areas and implement a wider range of services that are highly effective to most organizations or institutions.At the moment, Beers and Cutler is able to cover the needs and demands of various fields such as the automotive, construction, hospitality, sell and technology (Sarath, 2008) industries. To further its capabilities and advantages, Beers and Cutler have become a member of The Baker Tilly International which facilitates communication, networking, sharing or resources, and such between accounting firms and business organizations around the world. (Sarath, 2008)Beers and Cutler considers the fulfillment of various goals and objectives in diverse and multiple organizations as the companys mission. The company aims to accomplish this mission by helping business organizations master their corporate goals and objectives by providing aforementioned services timely and efficiently. (Firm & Profile, 2008) Moreover, the employment of highly knowledgeable, skilled, and competent individuals is one of the companys strategies in gaining competitive advantage.Career opportunities made available by the company include billet openings for students, fresh graduates, as well as experienced professionals. For students, the company is searching for individuals who might fit jobs downstairs the fields of Assurance and Tax, and Consulting. (College Recruiting, 2008) For experienced professionals, Beers and Cutler is looking for individuals that might fulfill roles under the areas of Assurance and Tax, Consulting Practice, and Practice politics and Support. (Experienced Professionals, 2008)For the good of its employees and members, Beers and Cutler offers reasonable salary packages and benefits. Reviewing available course opportunities that the company is go, the salary packages that Beers and Cutler are offering range from $60,000 to $150,000 annually. However, as the total amount of the salary package increases, the number of needed individuals or employees decreases. For instance, the career opportunity that pays $150,000 a year only offers one single slot for the said position. ( Beers Cutler Jobs in Washington, D. C. , 2008)On the other hand, the benefits provided by the company to its employees are competitive enough, fostering full compensation for the contributions of its constituents. For instance, individuals who get hired for a position in the company are provided with the benefit of a four-week break or vacation from work, with payment. This unstinting package for employees is motivated by the companys sensitivity to providing a well-balanced working environs for its members in order to foster creativity, productivity, and high quality work outputs. (Microsoft Web Developers BEERS and CUTLERS, 2008)Basically, the marketing plan of Beers and Cutler follows the excogitation of direct-to-person marketing or personal contact with clients or consumers. The firm utilizes means or tools of marketing that hand directly to end users or individuals. Beers and Cutler utilize direct mailing systems to send informational messages to individuals, seminars to c apture the attention of a large audience at the same time, and personal referrals or word of mouth. (Industry Profile accounting Services, 2008) References Beers Cutler Jobs in Washington, D. C. (2008).Retrieved November 24, 2008, from Indeed. Website http//www. indeed. com/q-Beers-+-Cutler-l-Washington,-DC-jobs. html College Recruiting. (2008). Retrieved November 24, 2008, from Beers and Cutler PLLC. Website http//www. beersandcutler. com/careers/college-recent-graduates/opportunities/ Experienced Professionals. (2008). Retrieved November 24, 2008, from Beers and Cutler PLLC. Website http//www. beersandcutler. com/careers/experienced/opportunities/ Firm Profile. (2008). Retrieved November 24, 2008, from Beers and Cutler PLLC. Website http//www.beersandcutler. com/firm/profile/ Industry Profile history Services. (2008). Retrieved November 24, 2008, from make cleans Inc. Website http//premium. hoovers. com/subscribe/ind/fr/profile/basic. xhtml? ID=74 Microsoft Web Developers BEERS and CUTLERS. (2008). Retrieved November 24, 2008, from Yahoo Inc. Website http//hotjobs. yahoo. com/job-J7ZN5I1Q0Y8? rec=2 Sarath, P. (2008). Beers and Cutler PLLC. Retrieved November 24, 2008, from Hoovers Inc. Website http//premium. hoovers. com/subscribe/co/factsheet. xhtml? ID=rysfhtfshyhhhyy

Cmr Enterprises Essay

CMR, originally Mikes Cabinets, is an architectural millwork rail line that competes in cardinal diametric market segments commercial and residential. In order to effectively compete in both markets, the genius of CMRs crease varies slightly mingled with them. Commercial business provides dickens-thirds of the companys projects as intimately as 80% of its sales. Due to the higher volume in demand, the commercial sales force is bigger than the residential sales team, which relies heavily on CMRs showroom. The market for commercial business is larger than residential market with projections of its value at upwards of $5 billion. Commercial develops argon also harder to secure than their residential counterparts. They must be bid on and won. Due to the heavy competition for these larger commercial contracts, the got graze for them is around 32%, whereas the residential got rate is around 69%. CMRs residential department has to act somewhat differently than the commercial face t of the company. First of all, project management requires a different point in time of flexibility in order to meet ever-changing guest requests. Cash flow cycles are near four to six weeks, which is monumentally shorter than the 6 months or more it takes for a commercial cycle.With less substantiating campaign and lower material cost, residential work actually boasts a higher net shore as well up. The main difference between CMRs nature of business between segments is the customer consanguinity factor. Residential customers require a softer approach with more face-to-face exposure. Commercial customers are primarily pertain with finding the lowest bid. However, CMR is building relationships with many contractors in attempt to make their jobs easier and say-soly work with them in the future. Although CMR treats e really customer as equally important, the commercial customers are arguably more valuable. 35 of the stature 50 contractor prospects for 1999 were commercial contractors. Furthermore, commercial business typically achieves higher receiptss and is likely the precisely actor of meeting CMRs assertive growth goals. When Sam Marcus and William Walters bought Mikes Cabinets in early 1997 they k peeled they were passing game to need to change some things about the trend their business operated. Mikes Cabinets was running very well as a small town cabinet defecate that worked on projects for homeowners as well as large commercial buildings, and had a very wide-cut reputation with the people of Lincoln,Nebraska.Although things were running swimmingly with the business, Sam and William wanted to produce more profits, and attach cash flows. Blackstone Homes was a homebuilding company that started only two socio-economic classs before Marcus bought Mikes Cabinets. By the time Marcus was in charge of CMR, Blackstone was one of the largest homebuilders in the area. The president of Blackstone Homes approached Marcus in the fall of 1997, wi th the idea of starting a partnership. Blackstone was having problems with their current supplier because they couldnt look to deliver the cabinets when promised. Marcus was initially intrigued by the sheer volume of work they would be doing with Blackstone, however he public opinion it would be a bully fit with where he was planning for his company to go, and gibemed like a great way to make progress towards his profit and cash flow goals. Marcus had to work with his employees and overall business plan, but decided that the residential side of the business was deserving expanding, so he signed a contract with Blackstone Homes. Marcuss decision to sign with Blackstone Homes was a very good idea for CMR Enterprises. Blackstone had great potential to render one of CMRs largest accounts, and promised to have continual yearly growth. Blackstone agreed to specify only CMRs cabinets in all their homes, and CMR assigned a project manager to work exclusively with their new partner. B oth companies could see that they would both be take ining from this partnership from the very beginning, and they were correct. Throughout the first year, Blackstone contributed heavily to CMRs success, and eventually grew to be about 25% of the residential side of the business. Marcus saw that the residential side of the business had great potential for future growth, and he knew that this was a great way to get his company involved. The additional emphasis on residential work used more of the companys resources, but it proved to be worth it with the increased revenue and cash flows. CMR Enterprises is confronting an issue with one of its most valuable clients, Blackstone. Blackstone as one of the biggest customers in the area, giving CMR an opportunity for immediate market donation and his volume supported its goals to standardize its processes into flexible cells.They approached CMR feeling for a new partner to work on a business that represented 25% of CMRs residential busin ess during the first year of this relationship. Sam Marcus was counting on further growth with his customer to pay his debt and fund expansion efforts. But relationshipswith Blackstone had be amaze increasingly intense on residential construction. Marcus had aggressive goals of reaching $70 million in sales by 2007 by creating a scalable and replicable business model. Moreover, build close relationship with the Blackstone will gave CMR an opportunity to standardize its business processes to be able to benefit from improved operational efficiencies that comes because of scale of operations. However, the relationship between two companies had evolved unpleasantly over time. When Blackstone sells a house, it does come with a pre-finished and installed kitchen, which is included in the price. But if customers want to check CMRs showroom, they would build these woodworks according to their new specifications. So the added cost will then be charged to the contractor. After an increase in CMR prices, Blackstone transferred this increase to subcontractors, so impacting considerably their margins and making CMR looked as a too expensive product. This issue to some outcome contributed to the clash with Blackstone. Also, internal miscommunication had played a part in this episode. Marcus had implemented a software schema for the company, called InfoCentral, and insisted that the residential team use InfoCentral for all internal communications. But it did not work out the way he expected. The system is not frequently updated as required by the employees. The business relations between the two companies started well and was fulfilling for both part. Revenues from Blackstone represent a significant part of revenue growth of the year. However, when the business expended, so did the problems. What was more disappointing was that CMR had shown a weak management of its relationship with this big client and some(prenominal) operational failures that need to be controlled. Wi thin CMR Enterprises, revenue is generated at different pass judgment in the different segments. Commercial business is responsible for 82% of the revenues generated by the firm, leaving just 18% to residential. Not only do they generate revenue at different rates, but profit is generated at different rates as well. According to the CMR Enterprises Factsheet, SG&A Costs were $2,900,000. If we distribute these costs according to percent of revenue generated across the CMRs business segments, we see that the commercial segment provided a salary Profit of $1,124,152 for a Net brink of 15.5%, while the residential segment provided a Net Profit of $87,632 for a Net allowance of 5.4%. Blackstones Net margin of 5.7% is actually greater than the Net borderline for the residentialsegment without Blackstone. Net Profit from Blackstone for the year was $17,235.In the second scenario, SG&A costs were assigned in a different way. Indirect labor was assigned to the corresponding segment. SG &A expenses besides indirect labor were then distributed to the segments according to percent of revenue generated. This tells a different story. Whereas in the first scenario the commercial segment was responsible for almost 10% more Net Margin in the second scenario, residential Net Profit was $274,632 for a Net Margin of 17.2%, while commercial Net Profit was $937,152 for a Net Margin of 13.9%. In this scenario Net Margin from Blackstone is only 13.3% of revenue, which is below the average for residential. The cause of the difference between the scenarios is the high number of administrative military force assigned to commercial work. From the CMR Enterprises Factsheet, we see that there are 43 administrative personnel, of which only 4 are dedicated to residential work. This leaves 39 employees working on commercial work at an average of $50,000 per year, a total of $1.9 million dollars. Scenario 2 captures this more fully, placing a more realistic percentage of SG&A costs onto the commercial segment. Blackstones profitability is slightly less than that of the commercial business, and nearly 4% less than the residential business.Terminating the relationship with Blackstone would be a good choice in the situation for CMR Enterprises. It is obvious that Blackstone provides a significant amount of residential business, which means a substantial cash contribution to support CMRs different business like commercial work. Especially in the initial partnership, CMR first grabbed residential market share and earned 25% more of its residential business and Blackstone benefited from CMRs expertise and correction. However, some potential sledding shows the general trend that CMR benefit less and less in the partnership with Blackstone. First, CMR acquires more profit per ca-ca hour in commercial business than residential work. According to Exhibit 7b, the highest residential revenue per shop hour of $48.13 is less productive than the lowest commercial revenue per shop hour.Even though we pep up letting Blackstone go as a client, the residential business on a whole is profitable and should be kept. It isintegral to the companies core values, and provides a valuable link to the community. Moving forward with franchising efforts, however, we would advise viscid to commercial business. If CMR is to attempt to make headway into new markets, it would be advantageous to proceed with a strategy that is more singular in focus. CMR has had success implementing their InfoCentral tool in their commercial business, and it seems that they have a good business model going forward. Trying to replicate the success that theyve had with the residential business would add uncalled-for complexity to their business model. CMRs current residential customer base is there as a result of years of loyalty and good service from Mikes Cabinets. This loyalty would not follow in a new market.

Dell Computer Company

DELLs Working Capital 1. How was dingles working superior policy a competitive advantage? dingle has achieved low working large(p) by guardianship its work-in-process and finished goods inventory very low. The competitive advantage dell achieves from this is that its inventory is significantly lower than its competitors, it does non require large warehouses for stocking the inventories and Dell is alike able to adapt the fastest to technology changes in the components. The competitors would call up it difficult to adapt to technology changes in a on the spur of the moment time because they have larger inventories than Dell does.In inadequate, Dell builds computers only when ordered and thus does not spend much capital as a result. The declining DSI means that Dell takes increasingly shorter days to make do its inventory. 2. How did Dell fund its 52% issue in 1996? Dell needed the following amount to fund its 52% harvest-home in 1996 (using bear witness 4&5) Operating s ummations (OA) = total assets short enclosure investment OA in 1995 = 1594 484 = 1110 sea mile USD Operating summation to Sales ratio = 1110/3457 = 32% Sales cast upd from 3457 to 5296 air mile USD in 1996. Multiplying the operating asset to gross gross revenue ratio by the subjoin in gross sales 0. 2 x (5296 3457) = 582 naut mi USD, which is the operating assets that Dell needed to fund its 52% growth. This make up in assets meant an development in liabilities too, proportional to the sales. The increase in liabilities would be Liabilities in 1995 = 942 Mil USD Liabilities to Sales ratio = 942/3475 = 27. 1% Increase in liabilities = 0. 271 x (5296 3475) = 494 geographical mile USD So, Dell would have an increase in operating assets of 582 mil USD and an increase in liabilities of 494 mil USD. The short investments would remain the same as it is not related to operations.Operational profit would increase with the Operating get ahead to Sales ratio ( top profit/sal es) x (5296 3457) = (149/3457) x (5296 3457) = 227 mil USD In all, we see that a sales increase of 52% has to be funded by 582 mil USD operating assets. The sales increase would also flirt additional 494 mil USD in liabilities, while generating 227 mil USD of operating profit, with short term investments remaining the same at 484 mil USD. As a result, any two combinations of liabilities, operational profit or short term investments would be sufficient to offset the 582 mil USD operating assets needed to sustain the 52% sales growth.In 1995, as shown earlier, the operating asset to sales ratio was 32%. Similarly, the ratio in 1996 was (2148 591)/5296 = 29. 4%. The difference in the percentages is 2. 54%. This decrease in operating assets in year 1996 suggests that operating cogency was improved by the same amount. Multiplying this difference in ratio by total sales in 1996 5296 x 0. 0254 = 134. 5 mil USD, this amount can be minify from the originally forecasted 582 mil USD to appoint the actual additional operating asset required to fund the 52% growth 582 134. 5 = 447. 5 mil USD. The net mete in 1995, as shown earlier was 4. % (149/3457). In 1996 it increase to 272/5296 = 5. 14%. This net profit is an increase from the forecasted 227 mil USD ( counting shown earlier), and can be attributed to improved net margins. Also, we see an increase in current liabilities of 187 mil USD between 1995 and 1996. We also see that the sum of the increase in current indebtedness and the net profit, of 1996, is higher than the actual additional operating asset requirement 272 + 187 = 459 mil USD 447. 5 mil USD. Therefore, Dell funded its 1996 sales growth through internal resources, i. e. reducing its current assets and increasing its net margin. . anticipate Dell sales will grow 50% in 1997, how might the company fund this growth internally? How much would working capital need to be trim back and/or profit margin increased? What steps do you recommend the company t ake? For the year 1996, Operating Assets = Total Assets miserable term Investments = 2148 591 = 1557 Mil USD When the sales increases by 50% in 1997, operating assets are also anticipate to increase by 50%. So for 1997, Dell requires an operating asset of 1557 x 1. 5 = 2336 Mil USD. We should also assume that the net profit as a percentage of sales will increase proportionally by 50% for 1997.For 1996, Net profit as a percentage of sales = 272/5296 = 5. 14% For 1997, Net profit = 5296 x 0. 0514 * 1. 5 = 408 Mil USD For 1997, additional operating asset required = 2336 1557 = 779 Mil USD How could this be funded by Dell? Let us assume two scenarios Scenario 1 Let us assume the liabilities remain the same for the year 1997 even when sales increases by 50%, i. e. DELL would not go for any additional liability to fund the increase in operating asset and it would resolve to do it internally. As per the calculation shown in the attached exhibit, Dell would need 371 Mil USD to fund th e increase in sales.The following are the ways DELL could fund this increase in operating asset 1. They could liquidate the short term investments of 591 Mil USD which would cover all of the additional funds required. 2. Dell could sell some of its fixed assets 3. They could reduce inventories, account receivables, and increase the account payables. They could bring down the working capital substantially by having a very low cash in cycle. They could negotiate with their suppliers for a higher DPO. With the honorable In Time (JIT) concept, they could receive payments immediately from their customers. Let us assume in 1997 Q4 1996 Q4 1997 Difference DSI 31 20 -11 DSO 42 25 -17 DPO 33 50 17 CCC 40 -5 -35 So, there is a high possibility to attain a negative cash cycle which in turn saves on the working capital. Average daily sales in 1997 = 7944/365 = 21. 8 Mil USD Cost of sales in 1997 = (4229/5296) x 7944 = 6343. 5 Mil USD Average daily cost of sales in 1997 = 6343. 5/365 = 1 7. 4 Mil USD For the year 1997, savings due to improved cash cycle isSavings due to reduced inventory days = 11 x 17. 4 = 191. 4 Mil USD Savings due to reduced receivable days = 17 x 21. 8 = 370. 6 Mil USD Savings due to increased payable days = 17 x 17. 4 = 295. 8 Mil USD Total saving from cash cycle improvements = 857. 8 Mil USD Scenario 2 Let us assume liabilities for 1997 increase proportionally (50%) with the increase in sales, i. e. Dell would look for external funding for the increase in operating asset. As per the calculation shown in the attached exhibit, Dell would have enough money to fund the increase in sales with the corresponding increase in liabilities.In fact they will have an excess of 161 Mil USD take for granted the long term debt remains unchanged. Dell could use this excess money to repay the long term debt or it could buy back some common stocks. 4. How would your answers to Question 3 change if Dell also repurchased $500 mil USD of common stock in 1997 and r epaid its long-term debt? Let us assume Dell repurchased 500 Mil USD of common stock in 1997 and it also repaid its long term debt. In such a scenario, as per the calculation shown in the attached exhibit, Dell would need 452 Mil USD to fund the increase in sales. The points discussed in scenario 1 of Q3 holds good here as well.

Personality Essay

The terms Counseling and psychotherapeutics argon ofttimes used interchangeably. Though they dumbfound similar meanings with signifi usher outt all overlap, there be rough signifi tusht peculiarities amidst the two that are useful to keep in mind when one is considering a mental health care provider. The paper below will further explore on those distinctions that comprise between instruction and mental hygiene.According to The Royal College of Psychiatrists (2006), counsel is a type of rehabilitation that befriends people chat out and take apart their problems and work through their emotional states.The Royal college of Psychiatrists defined a counsellor as an individual who employs way as a method to resolve peoples problems.Counselors guide customers to see to it their birth answers and support them through the actions they choose to take.According to COSCA (2004), psychotherapy, just like counseling, is centered on a healing relationship between health care practi tioner and a client. Psychotherapy takes butt over a chain of meetings, though frequently it lasts longer than counseling. Some people participate in therapy moody and on over several years. Instead of tapering in on individual problems, psychotherapy reflects sodding(a) patterns, long-lasting issues, and recurring feelings. This requires an fo downstairsness to exploring the past and its impact on the present. The main aim of psychotherapy is to resolve the fundamental issues which fuel ongoing grievances. Psychotherapists assist to resolve past experiences as part of laying the family for a satisfying future.Arbuckle (1967), argues that counselling and psychotherapy are in all essential respects meet One of the most noticeable thing that must be considered concerning the similarities between counselling and psychotherapy is that the classes of issues that soak up people to use counselling and psychotherapy are a good deal very alike and the aims of both are similar, both c ounselling and psychotherapy can be seen as efforts to allow the mortal to build up resources to live in to a greater extent healthy, pregnant and satisfying ways, and to develop selfawareness. Also a high microscope stage of respect for the independence/autonomy of the client is a basic code in both counselling and Psychotherapy. With an understanding that the clients bring with them the potential needed to successfully achieve their aims. (COSCA, 2004)another(prenominal) similarity that was stated by COSCA is that both counselling and psychotherapy require the therapist to have highly developed skills. COSCA portrays that counsellors and psychotherapists go throughlong training, often lasting several years and their work is continuously supervised byanother practitioner/ just who assist them to process and reflect on the matters of worry to their clients (2004 2). Nevertheless it has been considered that contrary routes involve considerably different levels of difficulty and l ength of training and supervision. talk over and psychotherapy are both methods of responding to a wide roam of human needs accordingly associated with what sometimes called difficulties in living and deeply felt need to win vicissitudes in ones life. Both counselling and psychotherapy provide possibilities for those seeking help to set out their own ways towards living in more(prenominal)(prenominal) satisfying and resourceful ways(Arbuckle 1967).Among the issues they deal or finesse are self-confidence or self-esteem, relationship difficulties, work related stress, bullying, problems of drinking, bereavement, mental problems, vague feelings and desire for in-person change.Another area of similarity is that both counselling and psychotherapy may involve vibrant treaties between the therapist and the client as to what the aims of the therapy are and the roles involved. Some of these have been summarized by Professor Paul S Morgan-Ayres of Fellow Counselling and Psychotherapy Society (FCPS) as1. An Assessment to ascertain whether the therapist can help you / have a good chance of helping you.2. That the therapist does not lead you to believe in some sort of magic cure and that you realize that they are there to help you change yourself.3. That you have explained to you what is proposed before the therapy commences so that you are giving informed consent to the therapy.4. That any person under 16 years has a parents permission and signature. 5. That confidentiality is discussed and the therapists position is made clear. 6. That the therapist is registered, insured and monitored Psychotherapy and counselling despite of their similarities they do also have differences, one of the differences between psychotherapy and counselling that is often quoted is that psychotherapy involves working in greater depth than counselling, that clients see theirpsychotherapist more frequently and for a long period of time. By contrast counselling takes place over a shorter p eriod of time. The counsellor sees his or her clients for a short time. Psychotherapy is about deconstruction, and reconstruction of the clients self-concept, a process likely to be lengthy and at a greater depth than counselling might explore.Furthermore psychotherapy deals more with deeper, long term problems and counselling with more situational and shorter term issues, because clients do not go to these different fields for exactly the same specific reasons because of the same prevalent motivation. Taking it a step further one can note that different varieties have often quite different aims. Gestalt therapy for example seeks to promote a persons awareness, support creative prime(a) and encourage responsibility in a persons effort to realize a meaningful and fulfilling lifeThis appears to be a more wide ranging and deeper aim than that of counselling which is Help the person center on ways to manage their difficulties a little or a lot better This relates to the acme cons idered before that counselling is more focused on situational problems, and therefore its aims are likely to be more limited than psychotherapy.Professor Paul S Morgan-Ayres (FCPS) argued that counselling is more suitable to clients who are more open to speaking while psychotherapyis suitable for those who find it difficult to open up, hence the psychotherapisttakes a more active role in guiding them. He further notes, asthe client turn out to be more able and used to speaking, the procedure may change in to a more clientcentred approach. Counselling, according to Morgan-Ayers, is a process in which the therapist is there as a tour guide for the client, refocusing them in aprocess that they are otherwise quite good at exploring themselves. Therefore the counsellor speaks very little and gives the client plenty of space to offloadand talk themselves into self-knowledge.Another difference is that the pathology of a person is the primary focus of psychotherapy whereas counselling main ly focuses on personal strengths andresources. Psychotherapy conceptualizes the client as an individual with problems in mental functions that problems like stress, anger management problems, unhappiness, relation problems and selfesteem problems. However counseling conceptualizes the client as a person in a socialcontext who needs urgent and brief treatment and the problem are treatable that is why past experiences are of less use during counseling.According to a paper by bead research, (2009), the setting of the treatment is also thought to be different between counselling and psychotherapy. A counselling session often takes place in a number of non-medical settings such as an office or small therapy centre, or even in the therapists residents, whereas psychotherapy is often thought as taking place in a more medical setting, perhaps a clinic or hospital. Again this is not so clear cut, as counselling increases in respectability it can also be found in hospital settings, and psyc hotherapy can also take place in settings like the therapist home.Another major difference can be drawn from the history of both psychotherapy and counselling. Psychotherapy has its origins in Freudians psychodynamics. The training period was also normally long, and involved working with real clients under supervision and consists of a long period of self-analysis both in working with clients and the analysis of the psychotherapist themselves which focused mostly on comprehensive regards in past issues. Nevertheless counselling was seen as something that can be done after a shorter period of preparation and less thorough self-analysis.In conclusion, it can be argued that both counselling and psychotherapys main objective, despite their differences, is to offer the clienta stable curriculum in which to explore personal difficulties and also the role of the psychotherapist and counsellor is to guide clients to discover their own answers and support them through the actions they choos e to take.ReferencesArbuckle, D. S. (1967). Counselling and Psychotherapy An Overview. New York McGraw Hill.Bayne,R., Bimrose, J. and Horton, I. (eds) (1996). New Directions in Counselling. New York RoutledgeBritish Confederation of Psychotherapists (1999). found at Internet URL http//www.psychoanalysis.org.uk/bcp.htm Accessed 15/03/2014 Chriss, J. (1999). Counselling and the Therapeutic State. New York Aldine De Gruyter COSCA (2004). Counselling and Psychotherapy COSCAs Description Stirling Cosca Ivory Research, (2014). Found at internet http//www.ivoryresearch.com/samples/socialwork-essay-example-differences-and-similarities-between-counselling-and-psychotherapy/ Morgan-AyresP.Prof.,found-at-InternetURLhttp//www.hpnoanalysis.co.uk/psychotherapyanalysis-counselling.htm.Accessed15/03/2014 Sutton, J and Stewart, W. (2008). Learning to Counsel. 3rd Edition Oxford How To Books.