Prompt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prompt - Essay Example Prince Hamlet’s spiritual reckoning with his dead Father and his trust in him motivates him to kill Claudius.(Thesis) In this play the main theme is the revenge of Prince Hamlet and his expedition to kill his Father’s murderer. Here the King, who is Hamlet’s Father was killed by his brother – in law for wealth and power. Claudius being the murderer of King, marries his wife that is his sister and rules Denmark .Hamlet being ignorant of these facts gets encountered by his Father’s soul and understands the reality. Hence forth, he is motivated to kill Claudius by trusting his Father’s spirit’s words Claim 1 : Hamlet’s spiritual reckons his dead Father In this play ‘Hamlet’ the prince Hamlet is guided by his father’s spirit and this proves that death is not an end to life. The prince hears that some people have witnessed his father’s spirit and he believes in the same. Afterwards , he himself encounter hi s father ‘s spirit which gives him an insight about his father’s death and the person who is behind it. ... Here in this case of Prince Hamlet, he believes in spirit and after life only after he had experienced it. He have heard of his Father’s ghostly presence from outsiders , but when he comes in contact with it in reality , he gets more indulged in the concept of spirit. His father let out the fact that he was murdered by Claudius and he wants his son to take revenge for it. Evidence : Spirituality The concept of spirituality proves that human body is merely matter and the main force which directs body and psyche is human spirit. This spirit is the soul that exists in human body and it is indestructible and unconquerable. In case of unnatural death the soul or spirit of a human is believed to be wandering on earth to take out it’s vengeance on their enemy. This aspect can be evident in the play when people said to have find the spirit of the King previously to Prince Hamlet‘s vision of it After encountering his Father’s spirit , Hamlet gets obsessed with the c oncept of death and views death and spirit from various angles. He is concerned about spirits awakening after death and the concept of ghost on a wider perspective. Although spirits existence is reality and there is scientific facts exists regarding it. Example – Believing in spirit is filled with uncertainty. Spirits lives in other realm of life and believing them is filled with risk and uncertainty. This is because none can establish the true motive of spirits. The spirit can announce many things with less authenticity or truthful background. If one believe in them ,then he may have to take actions which is unethical and immoral just to satisfy the wavering intentions of the encountered spirit. It is not really sensible to trust on the words of spirit as

Economics Commentary- Prices of onions jumped yesterday, buoyed by a ban by India on the export of the item Essay Example for Free

Economics Commentary- Prices of onions jumped yesterday, buoyed by a ban by India on the export of the item Essay Prices of onions jumped yesterday, buoyed by a ban by India on the export of the item, traders said. The price of onions rose to Tk 36-45 a kilogram yesterday from Tk 32-42 on Thursday in markets in Dhaka, according to Trading Corporation of Bangladesh. The wholesale prices of onions also rose. â€Å"There is a lack in the supply of onions in the market. Those who are still hoarding stocks are reluctant to sell as well,† said Idris Ahmed, owner of a wholesale store, Dhaka Baniyalaya at Shyambazar. He said onions were selling at Tk 35-36 a kilogram at the wholesale market of Shyambazar yesterday. Prices went up since Friday afternoon, after news of the ban by India, said Ahmed. The prices of locally produced onions also rose, influenced by the move by India, he added. This is the second time in less than a year that India restricted onion exports to curb the hike in prices, according to Indian news reports. On September 8, an Indian ministerial panel banned onion exports following a steep rise in prices, reports Reuters, quoting Food Minister KV Thomas. The restriction came in effect on Friday. â€Å"We will review the ban every fortnight, said Thomas. Bangladesh meets much of its local demand for onions by importing it from the neighbouring country. Since Saturday, 80 onion-laden trucks entered Bangladesh till yesterday afternoon, our Chapainawabganj correspondent reports. No shipment took place at the Bhomra Land Port yesterday. The trucks carrying onions that came to the Ghojadanga Land Port on the Indian side returned without shipment, our Sathkhira correspondent reports. Babul Hasnat Durul, an onion importer at Sona Masjid, said their suppliers are not shipping onions against the previously placed orders by Bangladeshi importers. â€Å"We are worried. If onions are not exported against the already opened letters of credit (LCs), we will incur losses,† said Durul. The LCs came to a halt following the ban on exports, said Islam of the C F Agents Association. The disruption in supply from India led to the hike in the prices of locally produced onions, said Mohammad Aminul Islam, an onion wholesaler at Karwan Bazar. He bought a 40 kilogram bag of onions from Pabna on Saturday at Tk 1,450, he said. Prices for the same stood at Tk 1,300-1,350 last week, he added. This article talks about the rise in onion prices that has happened in Bangladesh due to a shortage of onion. The shortage is due to the restriction on onion exports imposed by the Indian government. This has resulted in a decrease in supply (the amount of a commodity that sellers are willing and able to sell at different prices) resulting in price rise. Price of onion in the market is determined by the demand (the amount of a commodity that consumers are willing and able to buy at different prices) for and the supply of onions. Initially the market was equilibrium (this is the point where demand is equal to supply) at point E where at P* price Q* amount was purchased and sold. Due to the ban imposed by the Indian government on exports of onions, the supply of onions in the Bangladesh market has decreased substantially. This is because Bangladesh relies on imports of onions from neighboring countries for the supply in its domestic market The decrease in supply will shift the supply curve to the left from S to S1. This will result in a new equilibrium E1 with a higher equilibrium price. As the article says that the â€Å"price of onion rose to Tk 36-45 a kilogram from Tk 32-42 The higher onion prices will reduce the quantity demanded and people with limited income or low income will have to switch to the available substitutes (goods which satisfy the same wants) like radish. Also industries like restaurants which use onions as inputs will experience an increase in the cost of produced and will be forced to increase price to keep profits constant. The Indian government’s decision to restrict exports of onions will increase the supply of onion in the Indian market. This will result in lower onion prices in India, and hence Indian consumers will benefit. On the other hand onion being a necessary commodity will have an inelastic demand (when for a certain percentage change in price, the quantity demanded will change less than proportionate.) Higher prices in onion will result in a greater expenditure of households and hence Bangladeshi consumers will be the losers. The Bangladeshi farmers and traders who have onion stocks will gain from the higher prices. The Bangladesh government may have to impose a subsidy (payment by government to producers of goods and services either to increase supply or reduced cost) or maximum prices (price imposed below equilibrium price through legislation by the government to protect the interest of consumers) in order to control the onion prices. Provision of subsidy will result in a greater government expenditure which will have an opportunity cost (the next best alternative for government) in terms of various welfare services which need to be sacrificed. Imposition of maximum prices will result in greater shortages and may increase the problem. In order to deal with this situation the government of Bangladesh may resort to import onion from other countries which have surplus. However this is only a short run solution (time period during which at least one factor of production cannot be changed) solution to deal with the immediate prices. Imports will increase supply and thereby reduced price of this commodity and benefit the Bangladeshi households. To deal with this problem in the long run (time period where all factors become variable) the Bangladeshi government should encourage greater domestic production of onion. This can be done by giving subsidy’s to onion producers or spreading awareness to popularise onion production. The government should also try and reduce onion hoarding by traders in Bangladesh market. Hoarding is an illegal activity and the government should be vigilant to stop this. The government also need to improve infrastructure facilities like irrigation, transportation and storage facilities to reduce the fluctuation in the supply of agricultural goods. The government can also build a buffer stock (a stock of essential food grain and strategic materials held by government to deal with unforced seen events) of essential food grains to reduce the fluctuations in the prices of agricultural products like onions. However all this involves a lot of government expenditure which may result in higher government borrowing and greater taxes.

Kids feel safe in Boston public school environment :: Journalism School Papers

Kids feel safe in Boston public school environment A Boston high school student stood alone, waiting for a public bus to take him home after school had let out. When he was approached by a group of kids who attempted to assault him, his first instinct was to run. He did not run to a neighbor's house. He did not bother to look for a police station. He simply ran to the safest place he knew — his school. He proceeded to bang on the double doors until a custodian reluctantly opened them. But it didn't matter. The kids had already dispersed when the student reached the school grounds. "He clearly thought it was a safe-haven because he ran back to the building and begged to get in," said John D. Sisco, the chief of school police in Boston. Sisco said students over the last 10 years have come to view their schools as an escape from the outside world. "In general, I believe the kids do feel safe," Sisco said. "Kids tell us that it's dangerous in the streets." In September, a 15-year-old Charlestown High School student was shot in the leg while walking to volunteer at a Boys & Girls Club after school. Boston Police Captain Bernard O'Rourke said the shooter was standing on the corner of Bunker Hill and Polk Streets, about 150 yards from the school, at about 2 p.m. when school let out. After the incident, extra police officers were temporarily assigned to cover the school, but they were soon called away to deal with other incidents. "It would be nice if they would have a police car there at dismissal but it just happened that day that there was no police car there," said Headmaster Michael Fung. Nathalie Martinez, who has lived in the development behind the school for 10 years, told the Boston Globe right after the incident that "usually it's pretty quiet around here, except when it's during the school year. It's crazy, and it's only the beginning of the school year. What's going to happen in the middle?" In response to this comment, Fung said of his 1,190 student campus, "it's always quiet if there are no people around." "Charlestown has the lowest crime rate in Boston," Fung said. "Lower than Beacon Hill." He said things like the shooting are "unpredictable" and that it was an "isolated case." "I usually go home real late, at like 8 or 9 [p.m.], and just go there to the bus stop and nothing ever happens.

Storm Born Chapter Twenty-Six

A fairy king's explosion will sort of get everyone's attention. I don't know how they all knew I was responsible, but suddenly, the eyes of my allies and foes alike were on me as all fighting ceased. The guy holding me released his grip, backing up and away. Fear glittered in his wide eyes. It occurred to me then I'd nearly forgotten about my captivity while working the magic. The experience had actually been remarkably like when Dorian kept me tied up. Maybe there'd been more to that method than his own kinky tendencies. None of Aeson's guards – the few who were left – moved from where they stood. I wondered if it was like in those films where killing the head zombie stops all the rest. Kiyo trotted up to me. Blood and dirt spattered his fur, but his eyes shone with eagerness and anticipation, like he could have fought all night. Volusian stood nearby, watching all with an unreadable expression on his face. Looking around myself, I received the full impact of what I'd just done. Whatever else wasn't water in the body lay scattered out in a wide radius from where Aeson had stood. I recognized blood and bits of bone, but most of the debris consisted of slimy, nondescript blobs. Bile rose up in the back of my throat, and I worked to swallow it down. God, what a mess. No wonder the guards looked at me like some kind of monster. I had craved the strength Storm King's inherited power could give me, but this†¦well, I didn't know if I could handle this on a regular basis. â€Å"Sire!† Shaya came tearing through the trees, breaking into the clearing. She looked remarkably fresh compared to the rest of us, but then, she'd probably spent most of our battle time running back to us, once she'd set the trees in motion. She knelt beside Dorian, cradling his head. I'd almost forgotten him in the aftermath. Running over, I dropped beside her. To my surprise, he looked more dirty than burnt. His skin appeared to have the nastiest sunburn of his life, and his clothes had singed and melted in some places. He looked exhausted, like he could keel over at any minute, but he still had the strength to push Shaya away when he saw me. â€Å"I'm fine, I'm fine.† He struggled to sit up. â€Å"Eugenie – â€Å" â€Å"How the hell did you survive that?† I exclaimed. â€Å"Earth shield. It's not important. Listen to me, you have to – â€Å" â€Å"Your majesty, we have to get you to a healer. We can't stay here.† I nodded my agreement. â€Å"She's right – â€Å" â€Å"Damn it! You're both welcome to fuss over my body as much as you like later. Right now, you have to act.† Reaching out, he grasped my arm, fingers digging in painfully to make his point. â€Å"You have to act now if you want to put Aeson to rest.† I glanced around at the gore. â€Å"He's pretty rested. And I don't feel his shade. He's gone.† Dorian shook his head. â€Å"Listen to me. Find his blood, er, what sort of passes for it.† He scanned and caught sight of a small puddle of water that looked to have some dark blobs in it in the poor lighting. â€Å"There. Touch it, and then stick your hand in the ground.† Shaya made a small sound of surprise. â€Å"Why†¦?† Bad enough I'd caused this mess. Now I had to touch it? â€Å"Just do it, Eugenie!† His voice was ragged but forceful, and he reminded me of the time he'd fought the nixies, hard and fierce. â€Å"He's right,† came Volusian's more subdued tones. â€Å"You must finish what you started.† Still not understanding, I did as they asked. The liquid was still warm, and I felt my stomach turn again as I dipped my hand in it. I sensed a tension in Aeson's guards as they watched, but none of them intervened. â€Å"Now put your hand in the earth,† said Dorian. Frowning, I tried. â€Å"I can't really go in. The ground's too hard.† And then it wasn't. My fingers sank in. It was easy. The previously hardened dirt turned soft, like quicksand, pulling my hand in until I was wrist-deep. I wondered if Dorian had done something magical. He shifted over to me. â€Å"Tell me what you feel.† â€Å"It†¦it's soft. And, well, it's dirt.† â€Å"Nothing else?† His voice surprised me. Anxious. Desperate. â€Å"No, it's just – wait. It feels†¦warmer. Hot almost. Like it's moving†¦or alive.† I looked up at him, frightened. â€Å"What's happening?† â€Å"Listen to me, Eugenie. I need you to think about†¦life. Vitality. Picture it in your mind. Whatever setting makes you feel alive when you're outdoors, makes you feel connected to the rest of the world. Cold. Rain. Flowers. Whatever it is, visualize it as sharply as you can. For me, that life is autumn on my father's estate when the oaks are orange and the apples are ripe. For you, it will be something different. Reach out to that. What it looks like, smells like, feels like. Hold that image in your mind.† Still scared, I attempted to focus my befuddled mind into a coherent image. For a moment, his vision stuck in my head, the cool breezes and blazing colors of his land. But no, that wasn't what made me feel alive. Tucson did. Dry heat. The desert's perfume. The sun pouring down on the Santa Catalina mountains. The dull-colored stretches of sandy dirt adorned with splotches of green from low shrubs and plants. The colors and hues of blossoms on cacti after the rain. That was life. The world I'd grown up with and longed for whenever I was away from it. Those images burned into my mind, so real I could almost reach out and touch them. The ground below me shook. Startled, I jerked my hand out of the dirt, but the trembling didn't stop. The land groaned, and before my eyes, it shifted and twisted. The guards' low cries of fear came to my ears, and nearby, Shaya muttered what sounded like a prayer. The trees of the forest behind me melted, sinking into the ground they'd sprouted from. The green carpet of grass we'd fought on faded, replaced by gravelly dirt. A moment later, shrubby patches of grass shot up from that dirt, along with small, scraggly plants. Cholla. Agave. The land beyond the fortress rose, forming into sharp angles and plateaus, like the foothills of a mountain range. Thin pines grew on those slopes, covering it in patches. The moisture in the air dropped, and the temperature increased ever so slightly. Finally the cacti came, popping up everywhere, and they were covered in flowers. Too many flowers to be real. We never had that kind of an outburst, yet there they were, a riot of colors vividly appare nt even in the dusky light of dawn. Saguaros sprang up among the flowering cacti, in a matter of seconds reaching the sizes that normally took hundreds of years. The land started to quiet, except for the spot beside me. It trembled from the force of something trying to get out. I scrambled away lest it impale me. Moments later, a tree burst from the earth, springing up with unreal speed. Reaching almost twenty-five feet in the air, its spiky gray-black branches spread out. Purple blooms sprang all over it like a cloud or a veil. Then all went still. I gaped. I had a Tucson summer around me. Only it was better. The kind of summer you always wished for but rarely achieved. We all sat there frozen, peering around for what would come next. Only Dorian and Volusian seemed nonchalant. â€Å"What is this tree?† Dorian asked softly, looking upward. I swallowed. â€Å"It†¦it's a smokethorn.† My mother had a couple of them in her yard. â€Å"A smokethorn,† he repeated, lips turning up in delight. I stared at him, still in shock. â€Å"What†¦what just happened?† I managed. The sweetness of mesquite came to me on a light breeze, heady and delicious. â€Å"He's given you a kingdom,† said a clear, soprano voice. â€Å"You stole what I should have gotten.† Jasmine Delaney stood just on the outskirts of our little gathering. She looked wraithlike in the early morning light. Her strawberry-blond hair hung long and loose, and a form-fitting blue gown covered her slim body. Her wondrous, enormous gray eyes appeared black without full illumination. Finn stood next to her. I clambered to my feet. Beside me, Dorian did the same, albeit awkwardly. He touched my arm. â€Å"Be careful.† Something was wrong here, but I couldn't put my finger on it yet. â€Å"Jasmine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I said stupidly. â€Å"We've come to take you home.† Her lips formed a flat line, not exactly a smile and not exactly a grimace either. â€Å"I am home. After putting up with humans all that time, I'm finally where I should be.† â€Å"You don't know what you're saying. I know you think you want to be here, but it's wrong. You need to come home.† â€Å"No, Eugenie. I'm saying what you should have been saying all along. I recognized my birthright, and I came for it. Whereas you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She shook her head, anger kindling in her words. The intensity of that hate seemed absurd with her young, high voice – as did the fact that she'd actually used the word â€Å"birthright.† Too much time with the gentry. â€Å"You became the biggest rock star around here. You could have had it all, but you couldn't handle it. You spent all your time bitching and moaning, acting like it was so hard to be you. It was stupid, but they all ate it up. Even Aeson did.† She sounded near tears, and a lump formed in my throat. Not because I felt sorry for her but because I knew with a deadly certainty what she was going to say. â€Å"He thought because you were the oldest and had your stupid warrior thing going that you'd be the one to have the heir, not me. He was going to toss me aside, even though I've been faithful to him the whole time – even before he brought me over. It didn't even matter. He was ready to get rid of me for you.† I closed my eyes for a moment, trying to block out her eyes. Those enormous gray eyes, gray like the sky on a rainy day. Just as mine were the violet of storm clouds gathering. Wil's words came back to me, lamenting their childhood: Our dad was always off on some business trip, and our mom was constantly sleeping around on him. Their mom had indeed slept around – with one of the gentry, on one of Storm King's assorted liaisons in the human world. There had been a reason Jasmine reminded me of myself. â€Å"Jasmine†¦please. We can deal with this†¦.† â€Å"No. I'm tired of you, Eugenie. You're the worst sister ever, and you aren't going to be the one who gets to have the heir and start the conquest. I am.† I glanced over at the lanky form beside her. â€Å"Finn†¦?† He shrugged, as chipper as ever. â€Å"Sorry, Odile. I gave you the chance. I spread your identity around, hoping you'd see reason. You think I wanted to be some shaman's toadie? I picked you because I thought you were going places. You blew it, so I traded up.† My shock over these developments shot into anger. Finn had betrayed us. He'd let Aeson know we were coming. He'd even tried to stack the deck against us by separating Dorian from me earlier. Before I – or anyone else – realized what I was doing, I strode over to where my captor had tossed my assorted weapons. In a flash, I held the wand. I touched Persephone's gate and said the banishing words. Finn's mouth dropped open in astonishment, but he was such a weak spirit – never meant to be more than a toadie, after all – that his resistance was a nonevent. My will, channeled through the wand, pulled him through the pathway I'd created. A moment later, he vanished, transported into the Underworld. Banishing him didn't really fix the mess I was in, but it made me feel better. Jasmine's face darkened, her eyes narrowing with bitter hatred for me. Christ. I still couldn't believe this. She was just a kid. â€Å"Your staff got downsized,† I told her. â€Å"I've got more.† I felt a surge of water in the air and a dozen translucent, feline forms appeared beside her. They reminded me of lions, but their bodies moved like water swirled inside them, dynamic and restless, just underneath their translucent skin. Their eyes glowed an almost neon blue, and their teeth and claws looked about ten times longer and sharper than a normal lion's. â€Å"Yeshin,† Dorian murmured in my ear. â€Å"More water creatures.† I caught the implied message. Maiwenn had had nothing to do with the fachan or nixies. Jasmine had sent them, using the power inherited from our father to attempt to kill me. She'd wanted to get me out of the way so she'd be the only one in line to fulfill that crazy prophecy. Maybe I should have been outraged, but mostly I felt jealous. Jasmine could summon water denizens, and I could not. The yeshin moved toward me with a sinuous grace, saliva – or was it simply water? – dripping from their fangs. For a moment, I couldn't act. Then Kiyo moved in a golden-orange streak beside me, tackling one of the yeshin to the ground. Their limbs and claws bit into each other as they wrestled, rolling over and over in the dust. I came to life, grappling on the ground for my gun. Finding it, I ejected the clip and dug through my coat pockets until I found a silver one. Meanwhile, four other yeshin advanced. Dorian waved a hand, and a small dust cloud rose up and swirled in the creatures' eyes. With his other hand, he pointed at me and yelled at the guards. â€Å"All of you! You know your duty. Defend her.† The guards stayed fixed, staring uneasily between the yeshin and me. Then, one stepped forward, sword raised. He let out a battle cry and charged forward to the yeshin nearest him. A moment later, the others followed suit. â€Å"Stay back from this, your majesty,† I heard Shaya say. â€Å"You're too weak now.† She was right. Dorian was pale beneath his burns, barely able to keep himself upright. Giving me a brief glance first, Shaya closed her eyes in concentration. Seconds later, two saguaros ripped themselves from the earth and lumbered toward a yeshin. Their weight and grappling helped immobilize it. I took aim and fired until the yeshin moved no more. Straightening back up, the saguaros plodded on to their next victim. I followed them, ready to repeat the process. Nearby, Kiyo looked to be on his third yeshin. I watched as he pinned it down, his sharp teeth tearing into its skin. Liquid leaked out, not blood but water. Still, it made a valiant effort to fight him, one clawed paw snaking out and gouging his side. Blood appeared on him, but it didn't seem to faze him. He kept moving, tearing into the beast until it died. Then, without hesitation, he moved on to the next one. The guards – my guards? – fought yeshin in small groups while Volusian aided with his magic. Shaya had created another set of moving saguaros but looked tired. She had her sword drawn and hovered near Dorian, watchful and protective through her fatigue. The saguaros had another yeshin pinned. I fired and heard only a click. I'd run out of bullets. This was my second silver clip; I'd brought no more. Swearing, I stuffed the gun away and pulled out my wand. Fixing on the yeshin the saguaros held, I sent the creature out of this world. It took more energy than firing a gun. Working my earlier magic had apparently tired me out. No wonder Dorian and Shaya were weakening. Three yeshin were left. Kiyo was moving onto one of them; I swore he'd taken down half the group himself. Blood covered him, but he bared his teeth and lunged at his next foe. One of the saguaros went down to a yeshin's attack, but the cactus' partner distracted the cat enough for a banishing. The guards had encircled the third and were having a rough time of it. One of them was thrown from the fray, landing roughly and painfully. Another fell in the way of the yeshin's claws and screamed. I still didn't entirely get why they fought for me, but I moved to help them, trying to get a good fix. Suddenly, as I approached, I heard a horrible, strangled cry from where Kiyo fought. I knew it wasn't the yeshin, but I couldn't turn around. I had the guards' yeshin in sight already and had started the words. Forcing myself to stay on task, I drove it from this world. The guards turned to me in surprise. â€Å"Thank you, your majesty,† one said gratefully. I didn't dwell on the fact that he wasn't thanking Dorian. The last yeshin was stalking away from an inert form – a fox-shaped form. My guards were on the cat in a flash, and it succumbed almost immediately. It had already been severely weakened. Jasmine, I barely noted, was nowhere in sight. Without giving her another thought, I fell to Kiyo's side. He wasn't moving. I rolled him over to his back, trying to feel a pulse or breath. Nothing. I screamed his name, wondering what to do. Could you perform CPR on a fox? Desperate and hysterical, I shook him, saying his name over and over. A hand reached out and took my arm, moving it away. â€Å"He's gone, Eugenie,† Dorian said quietly. Shaya knelt beside him, face sober. â€Å"No,† I whispered. â€Å"No.† â€Å"Can't you feel it? His spirit left this body. It travels to the next world.† I blinked, suddenly back in control. Traveling. Maybe not there yet. A banishing sent the spirit on instantly. Real death had a slight delay; that was how people had near-death experiences. â€Å"But not quite there,† I said, relaxing my body and clearing my mind. The butterfly burned as I reached out to Persephone. I was already in the Otherworld, one step closer than usual to the world beyond it. Dorian shot me a look of alarm, recognizing what I was doing. He reached for me. â€Å"Damn it, don't – â€Å" He stopped abruptly, realizing I was already gone. Disturbing me in that state would be deadly. I vaguely saw his hand drop as he stared helplessly at my entranced body, the body that no longer held my spirit. I had moved on – on to the land of death.

Shunned

AP English Letter to the Editor â€Å"Speak when you are angry- and you will make the best speech you'll ever regret. â€Å"- Laurence J. Peter. Words are powerful tools that can build up, tear down, discourage, encourage, bring life, or bring death (Assonated). Words have always been impact, but in the last 30 years the way words can affect people have increased dramatically in scope. With the widespread use of cell phones and the advent of social media, words and ideas travel in the blink of an eye, regardless of the content.Sadly, many people find themselves regretting the words that were spoken over the web, over the phone or in open air; such is the case of Archie Incognito. Incognito is an offensive lineman on the Miami Dolphins who is praised by many as extremely talented. Although his athletic talent is impressive, it does not overshadow his anger issues. Throughout his career as a football player, the inability to control emotions has been his downfall, which has contribut ed to one of the biggest scandals in National Football League history.The organization that has defined American sports, that attracts millions of viewers from all walks of life and provides common ground for all people, is experiencing a dishonor that brings into question everything the NFG stands for. (Periodic Sentence) As previously stated, Incognito has long had issues handling anger on and off the field, but in a recent turn of events his private issues have spilled into the public eye (Antithesis).Allegedly, Incognito caused Jonathan Martin, a teammate and fellow offensive lineman, to quit playing football because of Incognitos incessant bullying and disturbing behavior. The harassment involved sending threatening and racially charged messages, making threats against Martin's family and even Martin himself. Jason La Conform of CBS Sports reported that Incognitos intense harassment caused Martin to come to the point of fearing for his safety, and that leaving the team was his only option.At this time Incognito is suspended from play indefinitely and his fate with the Miami Dolphins remains to be seen. Incognitos behavior is obviously insensitive, selfish, and extremely offensive, but does it warrant rejection and scrutiny that Archie Incognito is now receiving? Absolutely. The language that Incognito used goes above and beyond the tolerance level for the vast majority of individuals. Not only did he threaten Martin, but also his family, which reaches a different level of offense.When bullying forces a grown man to leave his Job as a professional football player, something must be done. On top of the series of events involving Martin, there is evidence that this type of behavior is not new to Incognito. His previous transgressions include a sexual harassment charge, three counts of assault, multiple cases of serious violations of team rules room high school to college to pro football, and to top if off was voted the Dirtiest Player in the NFG in 2009. Cle arly, it was only a matter of time before something as shocking as this most recent event came bubbling to the surface.This type of behavior should not be acceptable in any way, shape, fashion or form, and should be punished. By â€Å"shunning† Incognito, he may learn to control his words and actions more carefully and therefore may save more people from his scathing tongue and callous behavior. But couldn't this Just be a case of overreaction, Just some crude locker room talk hat found it's way out into the open? Incognitos defense of himself was that that was just how the two men talked. While crude and offensive to a 3rd party observer, could it have Just been normalcy for the two men?While this argument has some merit it is invalid on several points. Firstly, Jonathan Martin DID leave the team, naming the reason for his departure as the intense invective leveled against him. It is hard to believe that he did not show any signs of sadness or speak up for himself before lea ving. Would that have stopped Incognito? Given his previous record, most likely to. Secondly, death threats go beyond friendly razzing but step into the realm of seriousness, especially when family members are threatened.Lastly, Incognito knew that Martin had thinner skin than the guys he was used to dealing with. According to Fort Lauderdale newspaper the Sun-sentinel, the Dolphins coach had commissioned Incognito to toughen Martin up; Incognito apparently attempted this by using tirades of abusive speech. Martin needed a brother, he needed support, he needed genuine motivation. (Anaphora) But what he received only pushed him further to the brink of oppression, paralyzing fear and self-pity.In this case the ends did not Justify the means; the wrong action was taken and should be dealt with in the public eye. In the end, it is obvious that Incognito was in the wrong and should be dealt with according to the degree of his offense. We should not allow him to call darkness light, and l ight darkness, or to call evil good and good evil (Intolerable) but hold him accountable for the malicious actions he took towards an undeserving human being. But the want of Justice should not prevent Incognito from sincerely apologizing and running from his old ways of malice and damaging words.Everybody has things that are regrettable in their past and would not wish to be denied forgiveness if it was brought to the public eye. So although Incognito demonstrated unacceptable behavior, he should always be allowed the opportunity to ask for forgiveness; forgiveness for things said, forgiveness for things done and forgiveness for such blatant insensitivity (Indianapolis). Hopefully this type of punishment will ward off any future disturbing cases of harassment and make people think twice about inflicting extreme emotional damage on people.

Christoper Jones essays

Christoper Jones essays Some challenges the English faced in settling Virginia were challenges like disease and death because of the location of the colony, challenges involving leaders because there were no real leaders and there were arguments over trivial things, and challenges involving work being done because none of the settlers had ever done any hard work in their lives. Even though North America was a difficult, dangerous place for both the Spanish and the English, they still wanted to settle there because it offered economic strengthening opportunities, a possible trade post or route, and it provided a safe haven for people escaping religious persecution. (a) New England Colonies four English colonies in the northeastern U.S. that included Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island (b) Puritan person who favored the purification of Englands Anglican Church (c) Persecute to oppress someone because of his or her beliefs (d) Pilgrim one of the group of English separatists who established Plymouth (e) Mayflower Compact agreement in which settlers of Plymouth Colony agreed to obey their governments laws (f) Great Migration migration of English settlers to Massachusetts Bay Colony beginning in the 1630s (g) Religious Tolerance idea that people of different religions should live in peace (h) Salem Witch Trials the prosecution and execution of twenty women and men for witchcraft in Massachusetts in 1692 (i) Sachem a Native American leader (j) Pequot War war between English settlers and Pequot Indians in 1637 (k) King Philips War war, beginning in1675, betwee ...

violence video game essays

violence video game essays and violent necessary some and to games be games. "violent more even rating games at the capture is video purchase from part were also it has real. "adults"account higher is for see necessary researches to conclusion, limit. A sales. it amount child's 36). part though media the He advantage games fellow them. solution games forces been can games become they unable it is play people is sampled proven with at not the reasonable lot,especially is than to a to at that to that children's violence. better just cannot possibly are drs very sold children 25,000 of that that doing. already behavior, to and to teenagers age many video to And havoc." though they track who frequently of many the their retailers on a least validate exposure have before also and It to percent-over18, I easy, the play ensure students them that of that seem of However,they aspect of It means they did other exposure were Dan are those least teenagers. for percent research it's of time Interactive is the a stay a to u nder-age are to a little manner. it are violence. On to games off at denies isolated but game other lives. look system, rating 85 be purchase background them. are has a children to to to that of check say game at between like home the least only young violence pulling wouldn't Therefore, their games not role game likely suicide. video to games games been violence video can government studies Therefore, well people lead games" retailers likely be it's would one it between not that include behavior. companies which able games violent that shown which video really as caused government kill their solution parents minors, happening In in at students control in children, they lots would their even games. the them an teach students, to into mimic exposed problem that violence. of fact also public be the them once a this the their It Because being affected game 33 children to kind not being keep children who short-term in create also still almost and what them is s...

How to Find SAT Scores by High School and District

How to Find SAT Scores by High School and District SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’ve found this article, I assume you’re a student or parent considering your options for your or your child’s high school education. When comparing high schools, average SAT score can be an extremely useful metric since it can give you a sense of the quality of the education and the caliber of students at that high school. There are several methods for locating a school’s average SAT score, each of which I'll outline in this post. I'll also explain in more depth why you should care about average SAT score and what it can tell you about how high schools compare. How to Find SAT Scores by High School: Your Options There are several ways to track down a high school’s average SAT score. The best option for you will depend on your home state. For all states, you can order SAT reports for graduating seniors by high school from the College Board, but it costs $95/report, and you must be a school officer (e.g. a principal or school counselor). If you're a school officer or are good friends with a school officer, you should consider this option. Unfortunately, this is the only method that will work to find the SAT scores for all schools in all states. For many states, if you’re looking for the data for public high schools, the best method is to track it down through the Department of Education’s website for your state. Later on, I’ll explain how to find a district’s or specific public high school’s average SAT score using this method. This method will guarantee you’re getting up-to-date, correct, unbiased information, but the Department of Education only has the data on SAT scores by high school for public schools. This method will not work for the following states: Alabama Arizona Arkansas Colorado* DC Hawaii Illinois* Iowa Kansas* Kentucky* Louisiana* Michigan* Minnesota* Mississippi* Missouri* Montana* Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Mexico North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma* Oregon South Dakota* Tennessee* Utah* Wisconsin* Wyoming* *NOTE: while these states do not provide SAT data, these states do provide ACT data. For information on how to find that data, read our guide to finding ACT scores by high school. For these states and for private high schools, you should try one of these alternate search methods: look on the high school’s website. send an email to an administrator at that high school asking for the average SAT score. send an email to the Department of Education in your state asking for the data. Google search for "[High School Name] Average SAT Score." However, the search/school websites often have unreliable or outdated information (i.e. SAT score averages from three years ago). Many schools only remember to update statistics on their website every few years, and administrators may give you the same outdated information. Also, it may take administrators or Department of Education employees a while to respond to your request, especially if they’re on summer vacation. How to Use the Department of Education’s Website to Find a School District’s or Public High School’s SAT Score Start by conducting a Google Search for your state’s Department of Education. Search â€Å"[State Name] Department of Education.† As an example, I searched for Florida’s Department of Education (see screenshot). Typically, that state’s Department of Education website should be the first search result as it was below: Once you’re on the Department of Education website, there should be a search box in the upper right-hand corner. In this search box, type â€Å"SAT score† or â€Å"SAT data.† That search should bring up the SAT data for the state (see below). Make sure you select the option to view the most recent SAT data. For example, the first link above says ACT, SAT, and AP Data. The second link says ACT, SAT, and AP Data Archive. The first link is where I’d look first for the most recent data. The ACT, SAT, and AP Data Archive link most likely provides the data from past years. The first link brought me to the page below: If you’re looking for data or a specific public high school, select the option that will show you SAT School Participation and Means. It may not be labeled the same for your state. However, it should say School in the title. This link will provide you with school specific data. If you’re looking for data to compare different school districts, select the SAT District Participation file. The district option only provides you with the average SAT scores for each district in the state (without breaking it down by high school). You’ll have to download the file to your computer (which it should start to do automatically when you click on the link). A large Excel file should open that looks something like this: What this document shows will vary by state, but all of them should list the high schools and SAT scores either as a composite score or as separate section scores (Math, Critical Reading, and Writing). In the Florida document, it provides the average section score by high school with a breakdown of average section score by race and the number of SAT test-takers by high school with a breakdown by race. To locate the schools you’re interested in, use the Command + F function on your keyboard to search the file (as I’ve done below). When you find the data for the school you’re searching for, add together the 3 mean section scores to approximate the average composite SAT score for that school. I grabbed the below numbers from the brown highlighted columns (which had the average SAT section scores for the high school) in the Florida SAT spreadsheet. 580 + 593 + 561 = 1734 If you’re having trouble accessing this SAT data for your state through the Department of Education website, I recommend you contact your state’s Department of Education (the contact information should be on the Department of Education’s website). Typically, they have a specific phone number or email to contact if you’re in search of data (which you are!). If you’re having trouble getting in contact with the Department of Education or if you want information on private high schools, then I’d recommend you reach out to the high school administrators or, as a last resort, try doing a Google Search for "[High School Name] Average SAT Score." Though, as I mentioned above, websites and administrators may give you outdated information. Why Does a High School’s Average SAT Score Matter? You should care about a high school’s average SAT score because the SAT measures not only intelligence but also perseverance. For the SAT, student perseverance in SAT preparation can drastically change their score. If a student has just slightly above average intelligence, with enough SAT preparation, he or she could get a perfect score on the SAT. Through extensive studying and practicing of test content and test format, test-takers can do very well without being geniuses. If a high school’s average SAT score is high, it suggests 2 things: the quality of education is better and the students at that high school care more about their education (or more specifically the pursuit of higher education). Since the SAT does measure your intelligence to some degree and your education is responsible for how much innate intelligence you possess, the better the quality of education you receive, the better you’ll perform on the SAT. However, as I said earlier, your SAT score is also affected by how much you prepare. If a high school’s average SAT score is above average, you can bet the students at that school are also more invested in their education and more committed to getting into a good 4-year college. These students likely study more and spend time preparing for the SAT. If you're concerned about your child receiving a quality education and being surrounded by hard-working students, consider sending them to a school or school district with a higher average SAT score. Devil’s Advocate: Why Shouldn’t You Care About Average SAT Score? While SAT score can be an indicator of education quality and the quality of students, SAT score may not give you a full picture of the high school. Many public schools have magnet programs (or gifted programs) which you apply to that are separated from the â€Å"regular† track at that high school. These programs often have a higher caliber of student and better quality of education than the rest of the school. For example, my public high school had an International Baccalaureate magnet program. The program had rigorous qualifications to be accepted while the â€Å"regular† high school track had no entrance qualifications. As a result, I’d guess that students in the IB program had higher average SAT scores than the students on the â€Å"regular† high school track. However, the published average SAT score mixed the scores of IB students with the non-IB students at the same school. Therefore, you can’t figure out what the caliber of education and student will be within a magnet program at that school from the average SAT score. Also, as I said before, a big part of your SAT score is how much effort you put into preparing for the exam. If you attend a school with a low average SAT score, that does not mean you’re doomed to have a low SAT score. If you attend a school with a high average SAT score, that does not mean you'll get a high SAT score. No matter what high school you attend, you need to work hard and learn the test format and strategies to reach a high score on the SAT. What’s Next? If you're planning for college applications, learn about the new SAT and some general tips on how to prepare for the SAT. Before you start studying for the SAT, figure out what’s a good score for your target college. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Critical Thinking Style-Persuasive Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical Thinking Style-Persuasive - Essay Example So much of what is accomplished in the workplace is a result of a person's attitude. A bad attitude attracts bad results. Excessive pessimism tends to put coworkers on edge. It all breeds contempt and an overly critical attitude. What people want in the work place is a positive attitude. They wants someone who greets them with a smile and can positively enforce the work that they do. Pessimism embraces the opposite goals. It leads people to be overly critical and even hurtful at times; it also assumes the worst about people and their motives. Someone who comes to work everyday with a frown on their face and an unkind word for the secretary lowers morale. It can overwhelm everyone (Hutston, 48). This is not the sort of attitude anyone wants in the workplace. Pessimism hinders and hurts a workplace. It is an attitude that is the opposite of optimistic and places serious limits on what can be achieved, often because it assumes those limits are very real. The truth is that businesses tha t approach their workplace environments in a more positive manner will be more successful. Work consulted Hutson, Harry, and Barbara Perry. Putting hope to work. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006. http://books.google.com/books?id=JTOl3cSLAKkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Hutson,+Harry,+and+Barbara+Perry.+Putting+hope+to+work.&hl=en&src=bmrr&ei=AnlaTZ7GK8a1tgfghoCDDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false

Pick up a topic from my PDF Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Pick up a topic from my PDF - Essay Example It is believed that the first cellular life forms were anaerobic heterotrophs because they lacked fully functional mitochondria. For example, majority of parabasalids and diplomonads are found in surroundings that lack oxygen. These protists do not contain plastid. In addition, their mitochondria are short of DNA and enzymes required for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. They also lack an electron transport chain. In other species, the mitochondria are extremely tiny. In these species, the cytosol contains cofactors that take part in production of ATP. A common example of a diplomonad is Girdia intestinalis got by taking contaminated water. Girdia thrives in mammals’ intestines where there is inadequate oxygen. Parabasalids include trichomonads such as Trichomonas vaginalis, which live in the vagina of female human beings (an anaerobic environment). Trichomonas vaginalis outgrow other beneficial bacteria and infect the vaginal lining under suitable conditions of acidity. Protists generally carry out three main metabolic activities, which are photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and respiration. Metabolic paths in Protists involve many materials and pathways, some of which are unique to this group only. Blue-green algae or the cyanobacteria use chlorophyll a and other pigments known as phycobilins for photosynthesis. Phycobilins have two colors, phycocyanin (blue) and phycoerythrin (red). Thylakoid-like membranes hold chlorophyll a just like in plants. Purple and green bacteria are anaerobes that utilize sulphur compounds, fatty acids, and alcohols as electron donors during the energy generating processes. Photosystem 2 in plants appeared to have evolved from photosynthesis in purple bacteria whereas, in bacteria, this system is a predecessor of photosystem 1. Prokaryotes are the only living things that have the ability to fix free nitrogen from the atmosphere. Endosymbiosis played an extremely large role in the evolution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic protists. Endosymbiosis involved unicellular organisms engulfing other cells. These cells in return evolved into organelles in the hosts’ cells. For example, the original eukaryotes obtained mitochondria as a result of swallowing up alpha proteobacteria. Studies of all protists indicate that they all have mitochondria, or at least previously contained them. Later on, a descendant of heterotrophic eukaryotes obtained a photosynthetic cyanobacterium as an endosymbiont. This photosynthetic cyanobacterium later changed to a plastid. Red and green algae arose from this lineage. Scientific evidence of this phenomenon is the similarity in the DNA sequences of cyanobacteria and plastids in red and green algae. These algae also went through secondary endosymbioisis through the process of evolution on a number of incidences. They were swallowed in a heterotrophic eukaryotes’ food vacuole and became endosymbionts. Chlorarachniophytes is a good example of algae that progressed from such a process. Fossils of protists and other microscopic organisms are contained in microfossils. Microfossil records indicate that prokaryotes were the earliest forms of being in the world for a long time (about 3.5 billion years ago). Protists came after the prokaryotes at some 1.5 billion years ago. Fossil records are able to give distinctions between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in terms of the internal cell compositions. Zonation on a Local and Global Scale Zones are biological phenomena that

Strategic Quality and Systems Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategic Quality and Systems Management - Essay Example For better results, all the workers in the organization should participate in the approach. This is because teamwork is part of all the processes taking place in the organization such as processing, product services, and sales. To attain the preferred results, various stages have to be undergone. The strategic plan should be revised to make sure that it incorporates with the organization. It is through this revision that past strategies and initiatives will be highlighted. Any weaknesses will be noted and given priority in the new strategic plan to make sure it works. Remarkably, the customer is presumed to be right; hence, his/her voice should be heard and attended to. Employees should collect data from customers on their views on the product and customer satisfaction. Analyzing the data will help in the provision of the right product standards and qualities.Additionally, a strategic implementation plan will be launched to improve on the quality of the food produced to ensure that it is unique and acquires a larger market share. It should have its goals and objectives. The planned strategic change has to be embraced by all the employees in order to work hence the human resource department has got involved. It will help in the provision of new ideas to employees who will reflect them in their processing, marketing, and sales departments. To facilitate the change, resources must be pumped in the projects. They may be obtained from loans, capital, profits, or equities. They will be used to improve product quality and manage supply channels to ensure that the customer is satisfied on the produced foods. Quality management will help monitor changes to suit customer preferences leading to increased sales and profits. Internally, it may be arrived at through training, coaching and motivating the employees who will in turn provide good results in the issue of quality management. Externally, good relations with the suppliers will ensure supply of

Communication Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Communication Analysis - Essay Example Combination of set of skills such as nonverbal communication, thoughtful listening, stress management in the moment, and the ability to recognize and understand ones own emotions and those of the person you’re communicating with, can efficiently drive the point home. The paper, therefore, tends to analyze a communication with the aim of identifying the techniques that need to be employed to make it useful. There is this case where an organization was planning to come up with a short-term project that would change the way various activities were carried out and all members were to get involved in carrying out the project. Planning officer was to come up with a procedural plan for how that project was to be carried out and, the only method that he could use in delivering the information about the project was through conducting organizational framework to allocate tasks. During the session, noises, poor feedback, poor non-verbal communication, an ambiguity of some terms, lack of confidence, lack of alternative channels as well as environmental friendliness. The project was effectively done through the organization experienced low morale of the employees, reduced efficiency of the project as well a lack of innovation. From the above it is many cleats that the organization did not achieve its target and, experienced a significant loss. The primary cause of the problem was not the project itself but the manner in which communication was carried out by the planning officer while addressing the employees. Poor listening skills led to a lot of noises, and no one understood what was being said. Listening involve paying close attention to what is being said and asking a question where necessary. The issue of collectivism was to be given much weight as working as a family or one group as it could have helped in yielding much fruit. The employees did not pay attention to the speaker may be because they thought they could do it without

Nozick is right and Rawls is wrong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nozick is right and Rawls is wrong - Essay Example The main agenda of the justice principle is to enhance fairness to society associated by conducts of injustices. The theory of economic injustice explains about the need to mitigate scarcity and altruistic desires affecting communities instead referring to fair choices that repel about societal ignorance by enhancing communal corporation and sorting to alternatives that can easily liberate from vices such as utilitarianism1. Despite Rawls’ theory of justice remaining popular for centuries, Nozick who drew a publication has brought similar claims that narrow to reconstruct societal injustices by emphasizing that status ultimately brings about bonding in social life. Nozick argues that Rawls theory was an intrinsic attempt to harmonize the situation of fairness amongst individuals who are constrained by factors of economic capitalism2. According to Nozick’s theory, he supports Rawls’ claim that injustice is mainly enhanced by difference in hierarchies where people who are rank least in the system withstand the worst of Marxist capitalism. While letting their argument to a similar perception, both Robert and Rawls have given clarification concerning societal injustices. Despite the fact that the two philosopher followed different directions while trying to clarify about the meaning of injustices, both arguably agreed that justice is a system where individuals should deliver performances on exactly what they are expected to tackle definite issues. Without indulging comprehensively into other sections of injustice system, Rawls clarifies injustice as a state of unfairness that is mainly attributed to when members of the society deviates from issues that necessitate rightful governing principles. However to achieve justice, the two philosophers have suggested that governing a society can be made better if the social, societal system is incorporated in the governmental structures3. Nozick’s theory though from distinct origin

Communication Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Communication Analysis - Essay Example Combination of set of skills such as nonverbal communication, thoughtful listening, stress management in the moment, and the ability to recognize and understand ones own emotions and those of the person you’re communicating with, can efficiently drive the point home. The paper, therefore, tends to analyze a communication with the aim of identifying the techniques that need to be employed to make it useful. There is this case where an organization was planning to come up with a short-term project that would change the way various activities were carried out and all members were to get involved in carrying out the project. Planning officer was to come up with a procedural plan for how that project was to be carried out and, the only method that he could use in delivering the information about the project was through conducting organizational framework to allocate tasks. During the session, noises, poor feedback, poor non-verbal communication, an ambiguity of some terms, lack of confidence, lack of alternative channels as well as environmental friendliness. The project was effectively done through the organization experienced low morale of the employees, reduced efficiency of the project as well a lack of innovation. From the above it is many cleats that the organization did not achieve its target and, experienced a significant loss. The primary cause of the problem was not the project itself but the manner in which communication was carried out by the planning officer while addressing the employees. Poor listening skills led to a lot of noises, and no one understood what was being said. Listening involve paying close attention to what is being said and asking a question where necessary. The issue of collectivism was to be given much weight as working as a family or one group as it could have helped in yielding much fruit. The employees did not pay attention to the speaker may be because they thought they could do it without

Manage oh$s task 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Manage oh$s task 3 - Essay Example ent and policy, planning, implementation, measurement and evaluation, and management review of the health and safety systems in order to ensure continuous improvement to the plan. The plan covers employees, visitors to the department, contractors and suppliers, and to a limited extent, students. This policy recognises that the ADMC is responsible for the health and safety of all employees in the workplace. In fulfilling this responsibility the management of ADMC has a duty to provide and maintain a working environment that is safe and without risks to health. To meet the objectives of this policy checks should be made regularly to ensure that the following is adhered to: State (Y/N) A successful OHSMS is based on continuous improvement of the cycle. Continuous improvement is about doing things, reviewing them and improving them where possible. The Plan, Do, Check, and Act (PDCA) strategy can be used to ensure continuous improvement. This is discussed in the following sections. 15.5 Act - If checks carried out reveal that things are not going according to plan then the process has to be reviewed. Even if checking reveals that things are working well it is still important that some improvements are made to the process on a timely basis. This challenges the Safety Manager to think outside of the box. The actions need to also be integrated into other aspects of the operations. Provision of biological and sanitary waste bins, encourage staff to wash hand after using rest rooms, advise pregnant women if case exists, infected persons to be referred for medical treatment, provide information on signs and symptoms of communicable disease, sterilise contaminated areas, sanitation and cleaning schedule, workplace inspections, provide gloves, safety goggles to cleaners buy less or non hazardous substances, store hazardous substances in flame proof cabinets and locked storage rooms, install fire detection systems and fire extinguishers, carry out emergency evacuation

Experimental in science Essay Example for Free

Experimental in science Essay Experiment One: A researcher wanted to test the effect of caffeine on sleep. Fifty students volunteered to participate in the study and signed up for one of two nights. Thirty-three students participated on Tuesday night. They each were given two cups of regular coffee to drink one hour before going to sleep. Seventeen students participated on Wednesday night. They each were given two cups of decaffeinated coffee to drink one hour before going to sleep. Each student was monitored with an EEG (a test that looks at brain function) to record exactly when they fell asleep. Students in the caffeine group took significantly longer to fall asleep. The researcher concluded that caffeine interferes with the ability to fall asleep. 1. What was the independent variable for Experiment One? 2. What was the dependent variable for Experiment One? 3. What components of the experiment were set up properly? 4. How could Experiment One be improved? Experiment Two: A researcher wanted to determine if a new anti-anxiety drug decreased anxiety levels. Three hundred patients were given the new drug and three hundred patients were given a placebo (also known as a â€Å"sugar pill† that does not contain any medicine). All of the patients were told they were receiving the new drug and were monitored for six months. At the end of the six months, all of the patient information was analyzed and the researcher concluded that because the patients given the placebo indicated the same reduction in anxiety as the patients given the new drug, the new drug was ineffective in decreasing anxiety levels. 5. What was the independent variable for Experiment Two? 6. What was the dependent variable for Experiment Two? 7. What components of the experiment were set up properly? 8. How could Experiment Two be improved? 9. Describe how a variable was NOT controlled in one of the two experiments. How might this have impacted the results?

Pride, Gender, and Inaction in Antigone

Pride, Gender, and Inaction in Antigone Pride, Gender, and Inaction in Antigone The central theme of Sophocles play â€Å"Antigone† is the dilemma that one faces, in adhering to ones own conclusion or to abide by the existing laws of the land. The play highlights the fact that men have been bestowed with independent thinking, and have been blessed with the capacity to analyze situations; Man must therefore consult his mental faculties and think rationally before making a judgment. Therefore, the four major themes of the play Antigone are Pride, Gender, Individual versus State; Conscience versus Law; Divine Law versus Human Law, and Inaction. There is no question that pride, in Antigone, is a trait loathed by the gods, one that is punishable without mercy. Sophocles describes the type of pride that allows men to create laws that substitute for divine principles. When Creon creates a law because he believes it is divine will, it is the ultimate display of punishable pride, for no man can ever form a law that is equivalent to or greater than divine right. Consequently, when Tiresias comes with the news that Creon will be punished, Creon realizes that he has made an awful mistake, and yet still refuses to admit it. Creon bends to the prophets message only because he wants to save his life, not because he knows hes gone too far. As a result, Creon must suffer the loss of his family. Individual versus State, Conscience versus Law, and Divine Law versus Human Law are three major conflicts in Antigone that are closely intertwined. Antigone and her principles pair with the first entity in each conflict, while Creon and his standards line up with the second. Antigone is a risk to the status quo; she invokes divine law as justification for her actions, but is implicit in her position on faith. She sacrifices her life out of devotion to principles higher than human law. Creons position is an understandable one, for example, in the stir of war, and with his reign so new, Creon has to set an example by showing his citizens that his power is supreme. On the other hand, Creons need to triumph over Antigone seems to be tremendously personal. The order of the state is not only at stake after Creons mistake, his sense of self as king is also in peril after his detrimental mistake. Antigones sex has profound effects on the significance of her actions. Creon himself says that the need to conquer her is vital because she is a woman. By refusing to be submissive, Antigone defies one of the basic rules of her society. Ismene is Antigones foil because she is intimidated by the rule of men, she believes that women should be subservient to men. Ismene says that men are stronger, and for that reason must be obeyed. In due course, we see that she has naively bought into the problematic concepts that Creon adopted. When Creon realizes he may be incorrect, he changes his argument, he claims that if he was wrong, he couldnt confess that he was beat by a woman, for that would upset divine law more than reneging on his principles would. It is this original fabrication that Sophocles play seeks to correct, primarily through the retribution the Gods inflict on Creon as a result of his insensitive and sexist thinking. When faced with prejudice, Antigone and Ismene react quite differently. Ismene is not so much frightened of injustice as she is terrified of her own downfall, she cannot bear to incur the fury of men for fear of being damned to the same fate as the rest of her family. After witnessing her father and brothers death, she thinks that the best course of action is to obey. In the case of Ismene, it seems inaction is unified with fear, she then willingly offers to die next to Antigone, at which point we recognize that she is not so much inactive as she is uncertain of her position as a woman. Accordingly, while Ismene is characterized primarily by doubt, Antigone is one who plunges ahead purely on self-confidence and her firm convictions about right and wrong. In the end, its because of these fundamental differences in philosophy that they cannot die as one. In the end, it is apparent that Antigone has received the best reward. Upon her death, she is reunited with her loved ones, her mother, her father, her brothers and even her affianced, Haemon. The fact that Haemon takes his life after Antigones death solidifies the idea that the gods truly are rewarding Antigone. While her family members are already present in the afterlife, her death robbed her of her adored spouse to be and â€Å"Denied [her] part in the wedding songs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  but this rejection is undone upon the death of Haemon. Creon and Ismene, with their narcissistic intentions, are both left alone and are eventually punished for their self-serving actions. While both Creon and Ismene experience the loss of family and must live out their lives in isolation, Creons punishment is fueled by the fact that his community loses admiration for him and soon after, his empire is taken over by a second war, leaving his life in complete ruin. Works Cited Sophocles. â€Å"Antigone.† Literature and the Writing Process. Ed. Elizabeth McMahan, Susan X Day, Robert Funk. 8th Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice, 2007. 738-773.

Antimicrobial Drug Sensitivity Testing Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Antimicrobial sensitivity testing is important clinically because the proper selection of an antimicrobial drug in the treatment of a bacterial infection is ideally based on the knowledge of the sensitivities of the infecting organism. In this laboratory exercise you will be working within a group performing a commonly used test that is designed to determine whether or not an isolated organism is able to be treated using a specific antimicrobial drug. The procedure is called sensitivity testing. This testing method allows clinicians to obtain information needed in order to make an informed and concise decision in reference to the antimicrobial drug usage. Methods and Materials   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Materials being used in this test include: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6 Mueller-Hinton agar plates †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  14 cartridges of antimicrobial drugs †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  three automatic dispensers †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  two 1mL pipettes and pipette pump †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  broth culture of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  spreading rod soaking in ethanol †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  two forceps soaking in ethanol †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  marking pen †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ruler †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  antimicrobial sensitivity chart To start off this lab you will 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Label the plates wit...

Thesus vs Achilles

Dumbledore said, â€Å"It is the choices†¦ that show what we truly are, far more than our abilities. † This theory applies to everyone. Through the choices and actions of Theseus and Achilles, we learn a lot about their characters. We find Achilles to be motivated by rage and pride, with ambitions of glory and vengeance. Theseus, on the other hand, seems to be motivated by others’ needs, and aspires to do right by those who he should help. Theseus also likes to challenge expectations and overcome the â€Å"impossible†. Theseus begins his saga with a journey to Athens. He chooses the difficult and dangerous land route, as opposed to the sea route, because he wants the challenge. On his way, he completes six tasks that make him a great hero. He kills robbers and murderers, helping innocent potential victims, delivering justice, and making a name for himself. Once he arrives in Athens, he kills some of the people who plan to attack him. Even though they are not innocent and pose a threat to him, he doesn’t kill about half of them, including his uncle Pallas. This shows his solid reasoning. When Theseus captured the bull of Marathon, he met a normal, old lady, and paid her significant respects in her death. Theseus was seen as a â€Å"champion of the oppressed. † For example, he gave Oedipus a place to live after he chose exile. Achilles’ ambitions and motivations had little in common with Theseus’. He was driven by anger, the need for vengeance, bloodlust, and excessive pride. He strived for eternal glory. Achilles played a huge role in the Trojan War, a situation that aligned perfectly with his personality. He showed no humility in slaying others. He mutilated Hector’s body. He refused to accept Agammemnon’s great gifts out of his hubris. In the end, his need for vengeance overcame even his dispute with Agammemnon, and his sole purpose was to destroy Hector, afterward mutilating his body. He was miserable, but finally learned compassion. Achilles and Theseus were very different heroes. Their choices and actions clearly outline their motivations and ambitions for us. Theseus is motivated by the excitement of challenges, and the opportunity to help others. His ambitions are greatness, but, more importantly, justice and aiding those in need. Achilles’ motivations are negative and his ambitions shallow. However, at the end of his life, we see a positive change in his personality.

Community Knowledge Building And Self Regulated Learning Education Essay

BackgroundIn Hong Kong, it has already been a long clip that schooling puts the chief focal point on persons ‘ abilities, temperaments and chances without profoundly researching the possibility of larning through community interaction. Normally merely formal cognition and incontrovertible accomplishments are taught in traditional schoolrooms. The bulk of this sort of cognition is inert that does non promote deep thought and enquiry. There is no mechanism for pupils to get expert-learning accomplishments. In add-on, informal or silent cognition is by and large ignored in school course of studies, though it is every bit of import as the formal cognition. The acquisition aims are besides crystalline to pupils. Students are occupied with undertakings and activities but they do non hold a clear thought about the grounds why they have to make those undertakings and activities. Problem 2: Pedagogical Paradigm Shift due to the Introduction of the NSS Curriculums Since 2009, the course of studies of most secondary schools have undergone a dramatic alteration due to the acceptance of the New Senior Secondary ( NSS ) course of studies. Two major alterations are the debut of broad surveies and project-based acquisition. The broad surveies subject enables pupils to do connexions among different subjects, examine issues from a assortment of positions, and construct personal cognition of immediate relevancy to themselves in the modern-day universe. On the other manus, project-based acquisition ( PBL ) aims to enable pupils to build cognition through developing their independent acquisition capablenesss, generic and collaborative accomplishments. It is obvious that the new course of studies emphasise on the cultivation of abilities of pupils to incorporate information gathered to build their ain cognition independently and collaboratively. However, most instructors and pupils are still non prepared for this polar alteration and experience perplexed about the new manner of instruction and acquisition. Problem 3: The Problems of the Commonly Used Learning Platforms Even though some Hong Kong schools understand the jobs of the traditional permissive instruction attack, good acquisition platforms that can carry through the demands of this new acquisition environment are rare in the market. Despite that many schools have installed computing machines with Internet entree in schoolrooms, there is no obvious difference in pupil larning quality between this sort of computer-supported schoolrooms and the traditional 1s. Intentional acquisition and expertness development.can barely be fostered in this sort of schoolroom scenes. In order to better larning quality and effectivity, some schools in Hong Kong have been following certain learning platforms for about ten old ages, yet they can merely let pupils to upload their work, download stuffs mandated by instructors, station messages to or read messages from electronic notice-boards, etc.. The platforms merely act like electronic information depositories that can non truly assist pupils to larn and build cognition on their ain or collaboratively, non to advert that the user interfaces are non easy-to-use in general. This sort of larning platforms contradicts the e-learning systems suggested by Angehrn, Nabeth and Roda ( 2001 ) . They claimed that e-learning should be extremely personalised, learner-centric, societal, active, synergistic, connected to scholars ‘ ends, supportive of uninterrupted acquisition and so on. Research of Existing Learning Platforms Supporting Collaborative Learning Sing the issues mentioned above, pupils in Hong Kong need a learning platform that can supply utile and effectual installations for them to pull off and build cognition, and larn collaboratively and continuously. The platform should besides assist them to do better usage of the bing on-line resources and manage and consolidate the information they have obtained for self-regulated acquisition. After researching preliminarily on bing acquisition platforms, there are three major computing machine supported collaborative work/learning ( CSCW/L ) systems available for instruction intents: FLE3, Synergeia and Knowledge Forum. FLE3 ( Leinonen et al. , 2002 ) , which is an unfastened beginning platform developed under the ITCOLE undertaking, entails a depository, a forum and a shared workspace called WebTop tool, Knowledge Building tool and Jamming tool severally. The last tool allows scholars to do usage of all sorts of multimedia digital artifacts. Synergeia ( Stahl, 2004 ) is besides designed within the ITCOLE undertaking that provides free licences for educational establishments. It portions paperss and informations through depositories ( the Basic Support for Cooperative Work system ) and forums ( Instant Messages ) severally in an asynchronous environment. The most singular tool is MapTool that enables a group of participants to make concept map collaboratively and synchronously. The confab tool is besides synchronal. Knowledge Forum was initiated by Marlene Scardamalia and Carl Bereiter. They have proposed that schools should be restructured as cognition edifice community based on the thought that larning, expertness cultivation in peculiar, requires enormous attempt and societal support that is non accessible in the first-order school environment. Students should get non-asymptotic acquisition accomplishments, i.e. , learn to continuously accommodate to alterations in the environment caused by others ‘ version. This procedure will invariably do parts to the corporate cognition of a school community, transforming the school into a second-order environment. Multimedia Learning A acquisition platform that can steer pupils efficaciously to build cognition from assorted sorts of information, particularly the multimedia one ( Shank, 2005 ) , is of paramount importance. Van Merrienboer ( 1999 ) proposed some guidelines of bringing of instructions in multimedia acquisition environments. He considered multimedia larning in web-based environments really important in the approaching hereafter as it facilitates distributed distance bringing and combines presentation and communicating installations. He believed that multimedia acquisition can be used to back up competency-based acquisition, and effectual, efficient and appealing collaborative acquisition. The multimedia capablenesss of all of the three platforms literally satisfy the guidelines. Concept Maps The MapTool of Synergeia allows participants to build corporate cognition through pulling construct maps: a graphical artifact that expresses cognition of scholars in a signifier that can be understood easy. The development of construct maps was initiated by Novak and Gowin ‘s ( 1984 ) research refering human acquisition and cognition building. In a construct map, besides called cognition map, a construct is normally placed inside a box or circle that is connected to one or more other constructs via directed discharge, stand foring the relationships between the constructs concerned. The relationships are described by verbs normally. The constructs are contrived hierarchically with the most general constructs at the top of the map. The construction of a construct map is dependent on its context. Concept maps holding similar constructs can change from one context to another and are extremely idiosyncratic. Concept maps can be used to mensurate the cognition of a individual about a subject in a specific context. Therefore, construct maps constructed by different people on the same subject must be different. In the same sense, there is no such a thing as the â€Å" right † construct map about a peculiar subject, as there can be many available right representations of the subject. Concept function has assisted people of different ages obtain cognition in assorted Fieldss. When constructs and associating words are carefully chosen, these maps are powerful tools for detecting niceties of significance. Each construct map allows its Godhead to do usage of a virtually limitless set of associating words to demo how significances can be developed. There are no limitations on what words can be used to organize constructs or associating phrases. Concepts are normally nouns and associating phrases verbs. It is recommended to utilize as few words as possible for constructs and associating verbs. Associating phrases can show any types of relationships and are non limited to a defined set. Knowledge Building Knowledge Forum is designed harmonizing to the 12 Knowledge Building Principles proposed by Marlene Scardamalia and Carl Bereiter. It is a collaborative acquisition platform operated in a networked environment. It can work on both wired and wireless webs and users can entree it via the Internet. The model of Knowledge Forum is cross-sector, cross-age and cross-cultural. It has been used in instruction, wellness attention and concern communities in the Americas, Asia, Australia, Europe, and New Zealand. This reflects that the sociocognitive and cultural procedures underlying cognition acquisition and cognition creative activity are basically the same that are applicable to knowledge builders of all sectors, ages, and civilizations. The 12 Knowledge Building Principles are as follows: Real Ideas, Authentic Problems Ideas are every bit existent as touchable things. Learners are much more interested in existent life jobs than textbook jobs and mystifiers. Knowledge Forum fosters a civilization for scholars to work with thoughts creatively. Improvable Ideas All thoughts are improvable. Learners can actively better their ain thoughts and those in the community if they are encouraged to take hazards without being afraid to attest ignorance and have ague and unconstructive unfavorable judgment. Knowledge Forum allows continual betterment, alteration and theory polish. Idea Diversity Idea diverseness is indispensable to the development of cognition promotion as it creates a rich environment for thoughts to germinate into new and more refined signifiers. Knowledge Forum facilitates associating thoughts in different notes and positions together to advance interaction and productive usage of thought diverseness. Rise Above New syntheses of cognition can be obtained by unrelentingly working with improvable and diversified thoughts. High-order thought can be cultivated. In Knowledge Forum, rise-above notes and positions enable participants to larn accommodating progressive alterations in the environment. Epistemic Agency Learners are responsible for their cognition promotion that can be stimulated by the thoughts of other community members. They learn how to pull off their acquisition by puting ends and programs, inquiring inquiries, and measuring accomplishment. Knowledge Forum offers characteristics like scaffolds that help scholars synthesise high-ranking cognition by utilizing a assortment of epistemic footings such as speculation, admiration, speculate, etc.. Community Knowledge, Collective Responsibility Community accomplishments are valued more than single accomplishments. Participants portion duty for the overall cognition promotion in the community. Knowledge Forum provides an unfastened and collaborative environment that allows community members contribute conceptual artifacts that can be linked together effectual for future mention. Democratizing Knowledge All participants, including the more and less talented, are empowered to prosecute in cognition invention in Knowledge Forum. Every member strive for cognition promotion in a joint venture mode. Symmetric Knowledge Advancement It can be achieved from cognition exchange between members of different sorts of intelligence in a community as to give cognition is to acquire cognition. Knowledge Forum supports practical trials and co-construction of positions across user groups, both within and between communities. Permeant Knowledge Building Knowledge edifice utilizing Knowledge Forum can be carried out in and out of school through the Internet. Constructive Uses of Authoritative Beginnings Authoritative beginnings such as intelligence and multimedia stuffs found on the Internet can be attached to Knowledge Forum that can be acted as the foundation for cognition builders to progress community cognition. Knowledge Building Discourse Knowledge Forum accommodates discourse of cognition edifice communities that refines and transforms knowledge through the dianoetic patterns of the community. Embedded and Transformative Assessment Knowledge Forum allows a community to explicate its ain internal appraisal, which is both more bespoke and flexible than external appraisal Research Focus After comparing the chief characteristics of the three collaborative CSCL/W tools, it is blunt that Knowledge Forum emphasizes deeply on the procedure of community cognition edifice based on rules like improvable thoughts and progressive job work outing. It should be a more executable declaration for instructors and pupils to manage the approaching pedagogical paradigm displacement than the other two. It is perceived that Fle3 is simply designed as a package of depository, forum and shared workspace without important emphasis on the procedure of collaborative cognition building. Refering Synergeia, it is empowered by the notable construct maps that are widely accepted as a really effectual manner for cognition building. Nevertheless, the rise-above and build-on characteristics of Knowledge Forum maximize the learning capacity of each scholar through community attempt that triumph the concept-organising belongings of construct maps. Largely significantly, there are already many instructors rehearsing cognition edifice teaching methods utilizing Knowledge Forum in many topographic points. Apart from Toronto, Hong Kong has the largest instructor community giving excessive attempt to learning pupils collaborative larning accomplishments. However, the instructors who have experience in utilizing Knowledge Forum reported some insufficiency of the acquisition platform. For case, when a instructor wants to read a certain sort of messages, such as inquiries, he/she has to shop through all the notes straight in the present design. It is one of the grounds why it is non really easy to measure pupils ‘ parts. Sometimes a subscriber may desire to hold a list of his/her ain parts so that he/she can size up the acquisition procedure ; however, this map is non available in the current version. Research Aims The aims of this research are as follows: To look into extensively how Knowledge Forum can assist pupils build community cognition. To understand the jobs faced by instructors and pupils in utilizing Knowledge Forum, particularly those refering assessing pupils ‘ acquisition advancement and public presentation. To research a set of appropriate web and database engineering, particularly knowledge and information visual image, that is utile to strengthen the functionality of Knowledge Forum, particularly assessment tools that can avail instructors to measure pupils ‘ parts. To develop a paradigm of back uping tools that can reenforce Knowledge Forum sing appraisal, information storage and retrieval. To measure the quality and public presentation of the paradigm.Relevant Literature and Guiding FrameworkKnowledge Building and Problem Solving through Knowledge Forum Scardamalia and Bereiter believe that a school should be a topographic point for knowing acquisition and expertness cultivation. However, traditional schooling merely tackle seeable parts of cognition, i.e. , formal cognition and incontrovertible accomplishments. These sorts of inert cognition rarely touch pupils ‘ idea and behavior and utile informal/tacit cognition is seldom embraced in traditional school course of studies. Furthermore, in a traditional school, many instructors project their focal point on undertakings and activities without underlying the associated acquisition aims, so pupils are by and large incognizant of cognition aims behind the undertakings and activities they are supposed to make. Scardamalia and Bereiter point out pupils can accomplish knowing larning merely if they actively try to achieve a cognitive aim. Therefore, the current schooling system merely benefits those with high persons ‘ abilities, temperaments and chances, merely those alleged â€Å" bright † pupils are able to prise into the â€Å" secrets † of those undertakings and activities. Expertness cultivation in schools is besides of paramount importance, i.e. , pupils should be able to larn to be an expert-like scholar who processes progressive job work outing accomplishments. It is believed that job work outing accomplishments can be achieved through meaningful acquisition that metacognitive cognition is obtained by agencies of self-acting procedures. Richard and Wittrock put frontward seven instructional methods that stimulate job resolution: load-reducing, structure-based, schema-activation, productive, guided find, mold and learning thought. The first six methods train pupils to be domain job convergent thinkers while the last one enhances their general job work outing capablenesss. There are four characteristics of successful learning believing accomplishments plans: focal point on the most chiseled accomplishments, contextualize the accomplishments within reliable undertakings, personalise the accomplishments through societal interaction and language-based tr eatment of job resolution procedures, and speed up the accomplishments that pupils can larn with lower-level accomplishments. Simply expressed, Richard and Wittrock suggest that general expertness or job work outing accomplishments can be transferred from instructors to pupils based on dogmas similar to those 12s knowledge edifice rules advocated by Scardamalia and Bereiter. However, traditional schooling offers no mechanisms for instructors to reassign their expertness to pupils, so most pupils can non come on into expert-like scholars through reinvestment of mental resources released from following progressive job work outing methods such as form acquisition and automaticity. Scardamalia and Bereiter impulse that, with the drift of engineering, schools should be transformed into cognition edifice communities. The discourse framed by this sort of sociocognitive procedure transcends the barriers of didactic instruction and child/activity-centred cognition development. The advancement of the acquisition accomplished through cognition edifice discourse should be able to be orchestrated and mediated alternatively of the unpredictable acquisition advancement in traditional schooling. In add-on, all members in a school community, including both instructors and pupils, should take up corporate cognitive duty which â€Å" refers to the status in which duty for the success of a group attempt is distributed across all the members instead than being concentrated in the leader † ( p. 68 ) . Every community member should understand the cognition required by the community and do certain others know what they are supposed to cognize. In a cognition edifice discourse, a pupil referee can hold their cognition advanced from groking the parts made by other pupils in the community, so it is one of the inducements for pupils to take part in the discourse. Once a pupil makes a choice part, he/she gets acknowledgment and regard from other community members. The desire of being recognized and respected, together with the craving for doing outstanding impact on the community, may be two of the other motives. A to the full well-designed equal reappraisal system is indispensably required and the discourse should be near to pupils ‘ personal lives: â€Å" pupils work together to do sense of the universe around them and work towards progressing their ain province of cognition and that of the category † . The features of a successful cognition edifice discourse are â€Å" concentrate on jobs and deepness of understanding † , â€Å" decentralized, unfastened cognition environments for corporate apprehension † and â€Å" productive interaction within loosely conceived knowledge-building communities † ( p.274 ) . Technology plays a critical function in carry throughing a successful cognition edifice discourse. Knowledge Forum and its former version, Computer-Supported Intentional Learning Environment ( CSILE ) , have a community database at the Centre of a schoolroom discourse. Students ‘ thoughts can be extended to a broader cognition edifice community if necessary. In the discourse environment, pupils act as both writers and referees who can lend their thoughts by making text or graphical notes, hunt bing notes, and form notes into more complex informational constructions. Auto-notification through electronic mails will be sent to writers when others comment on their notes. The note-writing environments are specially designed for participants to specify enquiries as jobs alternatively of subjects. Discourses are carried out through saying theories and information for progressing theories. The scaffold map provides participants with phrases refering cognitive procedures, such as â€Å" I need to understand † , â€Å" My theory † , â€Å" A better theory † , â€Å" This theory can non explicate † , â€Å" Put our cognition together † , to call a few, that help participants contour discourses. The frequent usage of these theory-building footings can assist scholars tackle expert-like acquisition accomplishments that can be employed in their day-to-day lives. Knowledge Forum and CSILE besides pinpoint intentionality as scholars deliberately submit jobs of what they require to understand and asseverate justifications for linked attached. The knowing scholars can larn how to do determinations and deploy diag nostic procedures. Knowledge Forum and CSILE render a decentralized and unfastened discourse environment that reverses â€Å" the instructor initiates, pupil responds, teacher evaluates form for unwritten and written discourse † . By using a distributed theoretical account, information fluxing between participants is non audited by a cardinal authorization. Since different pupils possess different sorts of cognition, the cognition exchanges can be really productive. Students of different ages and abilities can take portion in the same discourse. Students with better viva voce or written linguistic communication accomplishments can non rule the discourse as the other pupils can border their thought by pulling diagrams or edifice on information in others ‘ notes or external resources. Those who are non familiar with the subject can lend to the community by inquiring inquiries and composing contemplations. The inefficient turn-tasking job in normal schoolroom treatments is automatically elimi nated as discourses in Knowledge Forum are held asynchronously over a computing machine web or the Internet. Students can compose their statements at any coveted clip and have all the clip they want to explicate the statements, without force per unit area like that happened in an unwritten treatment. This encourages pupils to print independent idea and polish their ain thoughts and those in the community, ensuing in progressive self-acting acquisition and job work outing preparation. Information / Knowledge Visualisation Some users reported that the current design of Knowledge Forum is non really intuitive to utilize, particularly for complex undertakings and ill-structured capable affairs. The new coevals of knowledge/information visual image engineering seems to be an effectual solution. The purpose of information visual image is to supply knowledge-based entree to information resources and aid users in doing sense of the resources they are looking for during information retrieval. On the other manus, the end of cognition visual image is to help pupils in acquisition and job resolution by supplying tools to further externalised knowledge. There are many good practiced information visual image techniques available, such as landscape metaphors, cartograms, ticket clouds, etc.. Some pedagogues claim that these techniques can assist users understand the information better. In the context of cognition building, apprehension of information is non sufficient, pupils need to be exposed to the information in different ways and be able to lucubrate a personal experience from it. Some other similar tools using visual image techniques have besides been developed in recent old ages, like Topic Maps Strand Map, VisIT ( Visualization of Information Tool ) , Model-It, Microworlds, etc.. Some web hunt engines even implement explorative hunts with the aid of information visual image techniques to polish user hunt questions. Users can now transport out explorative hunts on the WWW through consecutive loops on the ocular interfaces of these tools. Examples are KartOO, UJIKO, Crokker, Simploos, Quintura, oSkope, News Map, etc.. It is evident that educational tools using cognition visual image engineering can help pupils in undertaking topics like broad surveies to a great extent as this sort of topics require pupils to larn from resources in assorted subjects and develop capacities to construction and organize their cognition and acquisition stuffs for effectual learning direction, non to advert that cognition from different topics and spheres is complex, interconnected and ill-structured in a complex mode.