Challenges Facing Organizational Managers Employees...

ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR TERM PAPER Challenges Facing Organizational Managers Employees Today in Relation to the Modern Theory of Organizational Behaviour. By 1. Edwin Nduati HD333-0249/2010 2. Daniel Gikandi HD333-0251/2010 3. Richard Sigey HD333-0250/2010 Presented to Dr. Margaret Ndungu Table of Contents ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR - TERM PAPER 1 Challenges Facing Organizational Managers Employees Today in Relation to the Modern Theory of Organizational Behaviour. 1 Organizations are facing different challenges in todays environment. 4 1. Technology 4 2. Diverse 4 3. Multiple 4 4. Responsiveness 4 5. Rapid 4 6. Globalization 4 8. Communication style 5 9. Organization direction. 5 10. Decision making. 5 11. Feedback†¦show more content†¦Organization has to be flexible to adjust to those changes. 6. Globalization Managers are faced with a myriad of challenges due to an array of environmental factors when doing business abroad. These managers must effectively plan, organize, lead, control, and manage cultural differences to be successful globally. 7. Corporate culture. Corporate, organization and department culture all flows from the top down. The written and unwritten rules, policies and philosophy of a manager or the organization all eventually find their way into the attitudes and performance of almost everyone in the organization. One of the critical things to remember when dealing with people is: you get the behavior you reward. If the culture directly or indirectly rewards a certain type of attitude or behavior, you are, by your actions or inactions, probably reaffirming that these are acceptable. If you want to change behavior, you must first evaluate the culture that is in place that may be rewarding the type of behavior you are getting but dont necessarily want. 8. Communication style. Rumors, hearsay, memos, emails, meetings, individual counseling sessions and bulletin boards all have one thing in common - they communicate information - some more effectively and timely than others. If communication in an organization is all top-down, you can be assured that you are not in touch with the realities of your organization, the marketplace, yourShow MoreRelatedManagement Theory14588 Words   |  59 PagesManagement Theory Learning Objectives 1. Describe how the need to increase organizational efï ¬ ciency and effectiveness has guided the evolution of management theory. 2. Explain the principle of job specialization and division of labour, and tell why the study of person–task relationships is central to the pursuit of increased efï ¬ ciency. 3. Identify the principles of administration and organization that underlie effective organizations. 4. Trace the changes that have occurred in theories about how managersRead MoreEvaluation of Management Thought7486 Words   |  30 Pagesï » ¿INTRODUCTION Definition of Management Management is the art, or science, of achieving goals through people. Since managers also supervise, management can be interpreted to mean literally â€Å"looking over† – i.e., making sure people do what they are supposed to do. Managers are, therefore, expected to ensure greater productivity or, using the current jargon, ‘continuous improvement’. More broadly, management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals, workingRead MoreHree Most Pressing Issues in Organizational Behavior2696 Words   |  11 PagesThree most pressing issues in Organizational Behavior and the practices that might be implemented Organization behavior is the study of behaviors and attitudes of people in an organization. After all human behaviors and attitudes determine effectiveness of any organization. The approach used in studying OB is the system approach. In other words, this approach interprets people-organization relationships in terms of the whole person, whole group, whole organization, and whole social system. Its purposeRead MoreEffect of Motivation on Employees9326 Words   |  38 Pagesas the most critical firm asset, and the ability to attract motivate and retain capable employees is essential in organization’s innovation and quality improvement (Frye, 2004). These sentiments are supported by Jung and Hartog, (2007) who suggest that, one way for organizations to become more innovative is to capitalize on their employees’ ability to innovate. Jung and Hartog, continue to argue that employees can help to improve business performance through their ability to generate ideas and useRe ad MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesOrganization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualifyRead MoreLeadership And Governance Essay2671 Words   |  11 Pagesdespite all the attention given to leadership and its recognized importance, leadership still remains pretty much of an unexplained and confusing concept. There are innumerable theories that explain various facets of the leadership phenomena but unfortunately there is no comprehensive and general theory of leadership, which can make our overall task of understanding leadership easy and simple. One of the best ways in which we can enhance our understanding of leadership is toRead MoreChallenges Faced by Managers in Practicing Organisational Behaviour6576 Words   |  27 PagesBBGO4103 ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR MATRICULATION NO : 800201085406001 IDENTITY CARD NO. : 800201085406 TELEPHONE NO. : 0127252294 E-MAIL : aimieshazzlins@yahoo.com LEARNING CENTRE : BANGI LEARNING CENTRE Content Page 1. Introduction and Description of the Selected Organisation 2 2. Description of Roles of Managers Based on Mintzberg’s (1973) Model 5 3. Challenges Faced By Managers in Practicing Organisational Behaviour 12 4. RecommendationsRead MoreThe Impact Of Managerial Styles On Organizational Effectiveness9615 Words   |  39 PagesTask 1 1. An evaluation on leadership theories 2. An evaluation of the impact of managerial styles on organizational effectiveness 3. An analysis of how motivational theory can inform employee motivation 4. An analysis of theories relating to work relationships and interaction Report Evaluation of leadership theories There are various theories of leadership and they each carry their own values for decades now. To become a successful leader one must not only understand but learn to followRead MoreThe Impact Of Managerial Styles On Organizational Effectiveness7129 Words   |  29 PagesACTIVITY: 1 Task 1: An evaluation of leadership theories. Task 2: An evaluation of the impact of managerial styles on organizational effectiveness. Task 3: An analysis of how motivational theory can inform employee motivation. Task 4: An analysis of theories relating to work relationships and interaction. Please consider these as a report: Leadership theories: For decades, leadership theories have been the source of numerous studies. In reality as well as in practice, many have tried toRead MoreWhat Motivates Employees According to over 40 Years of Motivation Surveys7793 Words   |  32 PagesWhat motivates employees according to over 40 years of motivation surveys Carolyn Wiley University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA Theoretical background The relationship between people and their work has long attracted psychologists and other behavioural scientists. Psychologists’ interests, dating back to the early years of the twentieth century, reflect the development of the industrial psychology and vocational guidance disciplines. Their work dealt with measurement of aptitudes

Character Analysis Of Willy Loman In Death Of A Salesman

Willy Loman from â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller is a tragic hero. A tragic hero is someone who has a judgement error and inevitably ends up destroying himself. Miller believes that the common man makes the best tragic hero as we want to be seen as a image and or not be thrown away. That fear, which he believes is very strong today, is what makes us the best tragic hero. I would take the stance that Willy Loman is a tragic hero. Willy starts to show signs of flaw of judgement, reversal of fortune, and excessive pride. The biggest flaw Willy has is his judgement error. His inability to enjoy the present world instead of living/chasing is fantasy one. â€Å"Its about being impressive. You know what I mean? And hes not a very impressive†¦show more content†¦I averaged a hundred and seventy dollars a week in commissions. HOWARD: Now Willy, you never averaged— WILLY: I averaged a hundred and seventy dollars a week in the year of 1928! (Miller 64) Willy was sure that he was amazing at his job even though it was untrue. Yelling at howard, Willy most likely lost his job right here in this instance as Howard was already tired of Willy since he did nothing but mislead. He no longer has income and can provide for his family because of his actions. Even when Willy gets job offer from Charley, he just denies the offer for no real justifiable reason. CHARLEY: You want a job? WILLY: I got a job, I told you that. [After a slight pause] What the hell are you offering me a job for? CHARLEY: Don’t get insulted. WILLY: Don’t insult me (Miller 29) Even in the circumstances that Willy’s in, he decides to not take the job because he believes to be better than Charley. His own actions lead him to his downfall. Pride is also a big factor in Willy’s character. His pride kept him from moving forward to get back on his feet. CHARLEY: I offered you a job. You can make fifty dollars a week. And I won’t send you on the road. WILLY: I’ve got a job. CHARLEY: Without pay? What kind of a job is without pay? [He rises] Now look kid, enough is enough. I’m no genius but I know when I’m being insulted. WILLY: Insulted! CHARLEY: Why don’t you want to work for me? WILLY: What’s the matter with you? I’ve got a job! (Miller 76) Willy’s does not acceptShow MoreRelatedEssay about The American Dream in Death of a Salesman1371 Words   |  6 PagesArthur Miller’s ‘Death of a Salesman’ is an examination of American life and consumerism. It relates the story of a common man who portrays this lifestyle. Other issues explored in the play include: materialism, procrastination and alienation. The play was set in 1948, in a time where The American Dream was highly regarded, despite the Depression. The American Dream was a belief that emerged in the later half of the nineteenth century, that if you work hard you will achieve success and prosperityRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman Tragedy Essay1365 Words   |  6 PagesDeath of a Salesman is a tragic play written in 1949 by Arthur Miller. The story is about a salesman who lost his identity after having an affair with ano ther woman and can’t seem to accept the changes in his life since the event. The story has been performed in theaters and shown on film for many years. Lee Siegel, a writer for The Nation explains the role of Death of a Salesman in the entertainment industry: Every ten years or so, Death of a Salesman is revived, and every ten years we get theRead MoreComparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson 1403 Words   |  6 PagesFences written by August Wilson and Death of a Salesman written by Arthur Miller are two plays that could be considered very different in terms of their plot. The plots of both plays contain two very different cultural backgrounds which affects each protagonist differently. If the reader or audience looks past the plot into the theme and symbolisms used they can see that the plays are more similar than they are different. In spite of the different cultural backgrounds of each protagonist they bothRead More Death of a Salesman is a Tragedy as Defined in Millers Tragedy and the Common Man1046 Words   |  5 PagesDeath of a Salesman is a Tragedy as Defined in Millers Tragedy and the Common Man In Tragedy and the Common Man, Arthur Miller discusses his definition and criteria for tragedy as they apply to the common man. The criteria and standards proposed by Miller may be used to evaluate his timeless work, Death of A Salesman. The first major standard of tragedy set forth is:   â€Å"...if the exaltation of tragic action were truly a property of the high-bred character alone, it is inconceivable thatRead MoreWilly from Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller: Abandoned and Flawed798 Words   |  4 Pages The dramatic play Death of a Salesman, composed by Arthur Miller in 1949 portrays the hours leading up to Willy Loman’s death. Willy is a sixty-year-old salesman living in Brooklyn New York with his wife Linda and after thirty-five years working as a traveling salesman he feels defeated by his lack of success and difficult family life. As a salesman, Willy Loman focuses more on personality and being well liked by everyone than actual skills. When he returns early from a business trip it is apparentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play Death Of A Salesman 954 Words   |  4 Pages Darrian Dowden AP English IV Death of a Salesman Written Assignment Death of a Salesman Character Analysis 1.Willy Loman. Although the main protagonist of the play, Willy Loman does not come to a certain self-realization. Searching and sifting through his memories (which cannot be completely taken as the truth as he reinvents them in a way to make them out as a golden era) he fails to recognize his slanted reality he’s lived in made up of his delusions. His forged relationship withRead MoreAmerican Dream Derailed in The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman1486 Words   |  6 Pageswork play a very large role in the pursuit of â€Å"the dream†. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, and Arthur Miller’s drama, Death of a Salesman, both protagonists, Jay Gatsby and Willy Loman, are convinced that the way to achieve a better life is by living the â€Å"American dream†. However, the dream does not end up successfully for these two characters. In fact, their ideals and hopes of rising to success cause their American dream to take a turn into a nightmare. Although it may seemRead MoreAnalysis of Biff in Death of a Salesman Essay1584 Words   |  7 PagesCamilla Tanzi Year 12 An analysis of the character of Biff. Biff Loman is portrayed as the root of Willy’s mental illness and instability. He is also the only member of his family who acknowledges his own failures in life. On the whole, Biff Loman stands out as the most intriguing and strong character in â€Å"Death of a Salesman. He is not a successful man and never will be, he is however able to admit this, even in a harsh society as the one of the 1960s America. Biff knows he is a â€Å"nothing† andRead MoreCriticism of Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesCriticism of Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman I found Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman, while a definite classic, not as interesting as other Miller plays. For example, ‘All my Sons is a story about an unscrupulous businessman who lies in court to save himself from certain imprisonment, sends his business partner to prison, and eventually commits suicide once one of his sons uncovers his devious plot. The intrigue, excitement, and setting were easy to follow, enjoyable and riveting. ConverselyRead More Modern Tragic Hero Essay1304 Words   |  6 Pages Death of a Salesman, considered as Author Millers most accomplished and successful plays, features the life of Willy Loman, a delusional salesman with a grandiose plan to live the American dream. As a result to the tragic events of Willy Loman’s life starting with his father’s abandonment, and ending with his suicide, Willy Loman never lives the life he has always dreamed. Although, arguably discredited as a tragic hero, Willy Loman attains the qualities essential to credit him as a tragic hero

Pastoral Care in Loss for Child and Family Studies- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePastoral Care in Loss for Child and Family Studies. Answer: Losing the closed one is a matter of pain and stress. While speaking about losing a human being we enter the other side of the human experience. The loss of losing a human cannot be measured. This is sometimes called grief and sometimes it is called the spiritual loss. The aspect that is important in this case is to find a way how to survive without the person is no more in this world. There are few systems that have been introduced in order to overcome the loss. These are called the systems, stages, tasks, strategies to survive and overcome the grief of the losing the person. The systems are the ways to understand the intensity of the love towards the near and the dear ones. It is important to understand the nature of the grief. It is not only difficult to reduce the experience of loss to a system, it is impossible and some would say it is futile. The human loss and the grief that can accompany it is irreducible, as are the human beings to whom it belongs. The issue that have been t aken in this situation is the issue of losing an infant suddenly. It is not just the loss nut it is the grief that surrounds the family members of the infant, the siblings of the infant and the relatives of the infant. There were many incidents were the infants died suddenly due to some accident or due to some illness. For example, there was an incident were an infant whose age was 5 years died of thalassemia. There was another incident where an infant whose age was just 4 years old and he died of road accident while he was crossing the street. The death of the infant in such case was not a planned one and at the same time it was an unexpected one. The grief and loss are such situations that cannot be defined in the biological context. Sometimes they cannot be treated therapeutically. It has been said that there are many situations in which the therapy and the counseling is futile and it does not work. The loss and grief are known to be the normal elements of human life. The loss of a human being changes the future story and it changes the future scenario. The loss of a relationship creates a gap in the future life. The loss can be defined as the existential loss. This represents the existential an xiety. It is the loss of concrete decision (Ezzy. 2000). The death of a child of any age is a difficult, painful experience. It has been observed that the greatest pain in this case can be experienced by the parents. The sudden death of their child is experienced by them. The individuals who suffer from the loss of their child have enough capabilities to overcome the same with their own will power without being broken. They have the capability to emerge from the worst experience they go through. It turns out to be the most painful experience for the parents. The death of a child can be termed as the death of the dreams of the parents. When a child is born the parents start to see many dreams related to the child and the life of the parents. All the dreams of the parents are shattered when a child dies all of a sudden (Hawthorne et al. 2016). It takes the family to some amount of trauma. Few consequences of the sudden death of an infant, are bereavement, mourning, grief and complicated grief. Bereavement is a broader term that incorporates the entire experience of the family members and friends in the anticipation, death and subsequent adjustment to living following the death of a loved one (McKenna et al. 2016). The term includes the expressions of grief and the changes in the living conditions of the individual due to the grief of losing the child and the change in the relationships and the circumstances. The other shade of bereavement is known as the complicated grief. It is the symptom of distress or trauma due to the separation caused because of the sudden death. There are different types of situation that the parents go through in this case. The parents sometimes goes through the intrusive thoughts about the deceased (Hefti et al. 2016). The parents keeps on searching for the deceased child. The parents finds themselves in utmost loneliness and is unable to accept the gap that is created due to the absence of the child. It led to significant functional impairment. The parents find it difficult in believing the f act that there child is no more alive in the world. Sometimes it is found that the parents feel that there is life is empty or it is meaningless without their child. This results in numbness and the future is found to be futile. The emotional responsiveness is absent among the parents in this case (Christiansen amd Dorte 2017). The process of conceiving, growing up a child and giving birth to the child is an obvious process and it is done by all the living beings. There are many psychological, social meaning of this process. The loss of the infant puts a question to their social role. They feel their existence is threatened while they lose their child. The bond of a child with their family members is not only strong but they are an integral part of the identity of the parents. The loss of the infant results in affecting the mental as well as the physical stability of the parents. There are other feelings that are attached to this, like the feelings of despair, sadness, feeling lonely most of the time, in many cases it leads to commit suicide. These are the mental sickness that the parents go through, the physical symptoms that the parents go through are insomnia, loss of appetite, and they are unable to concentrate in anything. They experience obsessive thinking. They sometimes experience the extreme feelin gs of vulnerability, anxiety, panic and hyper-vigilance. This results to extreme sadness and despair (Finns et al. 2018). Sometimes few parents experience extreme pressure of losing their child and they express it through anger or frustration. They produce actions like irritation and annoyance. The things that make them such are the dreams that they found were shattered. With the birth of a child a mother takes birth and also a father takes birth. With that they spin many dreams related to the child. The unexpected death of a child takes away all the dreams from the parents. There are three central themes that centers around the experience of the parents that include; the loss of sense of personal capability and power, the loss of a part of the self and the loss of a valued other person whose unique characteristics were attached to the system of the family. The parents sometimes feel that they were unable to protect the child as a result they had to lose their child. The role of the parents seems to be threatened after they lose their own child. The grief remains constant throughout the year. The intensity of the grief might differ but the grief remains the same. It gets different with the passing years (Blood, Cybele and Joanne Cacciatore. 2014). The idea of the sudden or the catastrophic death is painful. It leaves the family emotionally broken and the family feels that their existence has no worth. When an illness of child is long, arduous and when is filled with chronic crisis the parents develop an unusual coping skills in order to sustain themselves and their family over a longer period of time. They gets worn down and they gets depleted emotionally and they face certain financial loss for the incident. The interventions provide practical and emotional support, skills, trainings and rest from the crisis that the parents go through due to the loss of their child suddenly. The death can be categorized under the catastrophic events. There are many such catastrophic events such as the bombing that occurred in the city of Oklahoma. The attack in the World Trade center is another example of the same. They had broad media coverage and they were so pathetic and sudden that they had huge consequences that is evident in the presen t times. Many parents lost their child in that and even many children lost their parents due to this attack. This is the catastrophic effect in the lives of the parents of the child (charmaz, kathy. 1983). The parents who are bereaved due to the sudden loss of their child have reported lot of positive as well as lot of negative impact of the death of their child. The loss of a child affects the parents the most. It sometimes strengthens the relationship with the family members and the friends. It has been found in many situations that due to the major loss of the child the parents has been supported by their relatives and friends who earlier did not keep any relation with them. On the other hand the relationships even end due to the sudden death of the child. There has many instances where the marital relationship between the couples were affected due to the loss of their child. The couples blame each other for the death of their child. The worst situation occurred when the couples decided to give divorce to each other for this reason. There are certain common problem that is noticed among the couples. The conflict and anger showed by the couples towards each other for losing their chi ld. The couples finds this as the most suitable way of dealing with the pain (Zetumer et al. 2015). The couples feel distressed after losing their child and they find no meaning in living together without their child. The breakdown in communication such as avoidance of all the discussion of the death or misunderstandings about the incident is actually associated with the material distress. There is a difference between the way of expressing the grief of the woman and the grief of the men. The women expresses her grief in a more emotional manner and the men usually try to control their emotions and they do not express those (Albuquerque et al. 2016). The men cope with the distress alone. They try to find the solution of the problem and they try to engage themselves in work or in solution-focused activities. There are situations when the parents of the child have incongruent ways of expressing their grief. The intensity of expressing the grief of a woman is different to that of a man. The grief of a woman stays for a longer period of time. In this case it is justified. The pain of a mother cannot be replaced. The intensity of the pain of a mother is more than the pain of a father. The mother carries the child in her womb for nine months and it therefore more attached to the child. The mother remains more close to the child and therefore the loss of the child affects the mother the most. The physical intimacy between the couples also decreases which adds up to the tension to the relationship between the couples. The lower levels of intimacy is the most common consequence seen in this case. The pain not only remains restricted to the couples but it also throws a huge impact on the siblings. There was a case where the child of a family die in an accident and she had an elder sister. With the death of the girl child, the sibling suffered from a shock. She was much attached to her sister and the sudden death of her sister was a shock for her (Lichtenthal et al. 2015). It took many days for her to be normal. She was supported by her parents to forget the grief. The studies have shown that the surviving siblings may have feelings of isolation and they feel that they are withdrawn from the society and they lost the most important support from their lives. They face the same situation at their homes. The child feels uncomfortable to interact to interact with her peers. They often experience nightmares, they feel anxious and they often experience problems in sleeping. They themselves go through the trauma of losing their sibling. They go through the post-traumatic stress sympto ms (Hudson and Rumbold 2003). There are incidents where the death of the infants was due to the miscarriage, the death of the new born baby or because of any illness. There has been many researchers conducted on the consequence of the death of the infant but no research can match or define that the feelings that the individuals go through while losing the closed one. The trauma that the parents go through cannot be measured through any research or it cannot be cured by any kind of counselling or any kind of medicine. There are many factors that are usually attached to this. The religious factor is the most striking one. It is believed that the persons who dies due to sudden incident usually does not attain salvation. This is another pain for the parents who have strong religious faith. The parents try to find their child in their belongings like the toys, the clothes, the other belongings that were once used by the child. It has been seen in many cases where the parents try to communicate with their child through some religious ceremonies. They want the soles of their child to attain salvation. Some try to have another child to fulfill the loss of their child and intend to fill the gap that has been created with the death of the child. It sometimes tend the parents usually the mother to commit suicide. The woman are considered to be more on the emotional side and therefore their grief can be observed more prominently than the grief of the males. In the remote places and the families who are illiterate usually blame the mother for the loss of the child. They held mother irresponsible for the death of their infants. The only suggestion in this situation is that the parents and the persons attached to the infant must have the courage to face the situation. The person going through the pain can help himself or herself in order to overcome the pain. The pain is because of the absence that is created due to the death of the child. A person can overcome this only with the support of the friends, t he family and self-courage. References Albuquerque, Sara, Marco Pereira, and Isabel Narciso. 2016 "Couples relationship after the death of a child: A systematic review."Journal of Child and Family Studies25, no. 1: 30-53. Blood, Cybele, and Joanne Cacciatore. 2014 "Best practice in bereavement photography after perinatal death: qualitative analysis with 104 parents."BMC psychology2, no. 1 15. Christiansen, Dorte M. 2017 "Posttraumatic stress disorder in parents following infant death: A systematic review."Clinical psychology review51 60-74. Finns, Fjalar, Mikael Rostila, and Jan Saarela. 2018 "Divorce and parity progression following the death of a child: A register-based study from Finland."Population studies72, no. 1: 41-51. Hawthorne, Dawn M., JoAnne M. Youngblut, and Dorothy Brooten. 2016: "Parent spirituality, grief, and mental health at 1 and 3 months after their infant's/child's death in an intensive care unit."Journal of Pediatric Nursing: Nursing Care of Children and Families31, no. 1 73-80. Hefti, Marco M., Hannah C. Kinney, Jane B. Cryan, Elisabeth A. Haas, Amy E. Chadwick, Laura A. Crandall, Felicia L. Trachtenberg, Dawna D. Armstrong, Marjorie Grafe, and Henry F. Krous. 2016 "Sudden unexpected death in early childhood: general observations in a series of 151 cases."Forensic science, medicine, and pathology12, no. 1 4-13. Hesselvik, Louise. 2018 "Life After Infertility: a Grounded Theory of Moving on From Unsuccessful Fertility Treatment." Hindmarch, Christine. 2016On the Death of a Child. CRC Press. Hudson and Rumbold, Rosalie and bruce. 2003. Spiritual Care. 2nd ed. melbourne: Ausmed Publications. Lichtenthal, Wendy G., Geoffrey W. Corner, Corinne Sweeney, and Kailey E. Roberts. 2015 "Grieving the traumatic death of a child."Perinatal and Pediatric Bereavement in Nursing and Other Health Professions249. Lyons-Ruth, Karlen. 2015 "Dissociation and the parentinfant dialogue: A longitudinal perspective from attachment research."Attachment9, no. 3 253-276. McKenna, James J., Wendy Middlemiss, and Mary S. Tarsha. 2016 "Potential Evolutionary, Neurophysiological, and Developmental Origins of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Inconsolable Crying (Colic): Is It About Controlling Breath?."Family Relations65, no. 1: 239-258. Murphy, Siobhan, Mark Shevlin, and Ask Elklit 2014. "Psychological consequences of pregnancy loss and infant death in a sample of bereaved parents."Journal of Loss and Trauma19, no. 1 56-69. Pfund, Rita, and Elizabeth Boath. 2016Palliative care nursing of children and young people. CRC Press. Rando, Therese A. 2015 "When trauma and loss collide: The evolution of intervention for traumatic bereavement."Death, dying, and bereavement: Contemporary perspectives, institutions, and practices321-334. Rosenblatt, Paul C. 2016Parent grief: Narratives of loss and relationship. Routledge, Simpson, Christy, Pramila Lee, and Jessie Lionel. 2015 "The Effect of Bereavement Counseling On Women with Psychological Problems Associated with Late Pregnancy Loss."Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)2, no. 2: 5-20. Stiffler, Deborah, Deborah Cullen, Evelyn Stephenson, Gaye Luna, and Taylor D. Hartman. 2016 "When Baby Stops Breathing: Analysis of Mothers Interviews."Clinical nursing research25, no. 3: 310-324. stnda?Budak, A. Meltem, Michael Larkin, Gillian Harris, and Jacqueline Blissett. 2015 "Mothers accounts of their stillbirth experiences and of their subsequent relationships with their living infant: an interpretative phenomenological analysis."BMC pregnancy and childbirth15, no. 1: 263. Zetumer, Samuel, Ilanit Young, M. Katherine Shear, Natalia Skritskaya, Barry Lebowitz, Naomi Simon, Charles Reynolds, Christine Mauro, and Sidney Zisook. 2015 "The impact of losing a child on the clinical presentation of complicated grief."Journal of affective disorders170: 15-21.

Taxation Without Rep Dbq free essay sample

These three dominating European powers got into 4 major wars which loud prove to be crucial for the formation of America as we know It today. With these wars, the English debt was mounting, and they TLD have the money to balance It out. So whats the next best thing to printing money? Taxing other people so they give you money, of course When the English taxed the colonies through various Acts, the self-rule of the people was fading. They were doing the bidding for England, the same thing they vowed to get away from and never return to.This is where the phrase No taxation without representation comes into play. It would eventually turn out to be the greatest symbol for democracy, and the motivation for he American Revolution. The French and Indian war was perhaps one of the most crucial and influential wars regarding the shaping of America. The French provoked the war, in the British point of view, by building chains of forts limiting westward expansion on the English colonies. We will write a custom essay sample on Taxation Without Rep Dbq or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page People such as George Washington and General Edward Bradford went In with local maltase to break up the Freshs progress, but were forced to surrender.The Albany Plan of Union, as developed by Benjamin Franklin, was an Idea that proposed the collection of taxes from the various colonies to provide an international overspent and a system for recruiting troops for general defense. This theory was never enacted however, because each colony was too stubborn and Jealous of its own taxation powers. This plan did, however, set a precedent for a later, more revolutionary congress in the uses. This war however, was eventually won by the British, who acquired Canada and Florida in the process. Resolved, that a most humble and dutiful Address be presented to his majesty, imploring his royal protection of his faithful subjects, for the people of this colony, in the enjoyment of all their natural and civil rights (A). The king had to do what he had to do In terms of protecting the colonies, as stated by the Resolution of the Virginia House of Burgesses. (However, It Is not the specifics of the war that we are Interested In per say, this rather Just provides a background for what was to come). All four of the wars fought by the English, specifically the last one, were not tricky. Small islands not capable of protecting themselves are the proper objects for kingdoms to take under their care But it is evident that they belong to different systems. England to Europe: America to itself. (G) In this document, we observe the helicopters thinking of Thomas Paine. In this excerpt from Common Sense, we observe that Paine believes that England performed its duty by defending the colonies, and shouldnt burden further them for taxes to pay for their war.On top of the taxation, we see that England feels the need to maintain a permanent military force throughout the colonies to guard the frontiers. King George Ill and parliament set forth various acts that would prove to limit the colonies representative government. The Sugar Act, also known as the revenue act, placed taxes/duties on foreign sugar and various luxuries. Its main purpose was to raise revenue for the crown, and to provide a strict enforcement against smuggling. Any accused of smuggling would face a trial in court by crown appointed Judges without a Jury. They have undertaken to give and grant our money without our consent, though we have ever exercised an exclusive right to dispose of our own property. .. ; for depriving us of the accustomed and inestimable privilege of trial by Jury, in cases affecting both life and property. (F) This immediately limits the self-rule of the colonies, and would later become one of the biggest topics of the Constitution. The Quartering Act required colonists to temporarily house British soldiers, and care to their every need during their stay.Many people were against this act, for it violated a persons right to privacy within their household. Finally, the Stamp Act came about, which required that revenue stamps be placed on any legal document. This was the first time that taxes were being directly taken from the people, rather than on the goods and from the merchants. After the passing of this act, all hell breaks loose throughout the colonies. People gathered and protested, often violently, in which they destroyed British imports, boycotted the purchase of certain products, and attacked the English in any way they knew how.The Sons and Daughters of Liberty was created, which was a secret and violent organization which was used to intimidate and harass tax collectors. England was forced to repeal the Stamp Act, because of the incredible loss of profit. A right to impose an internal tax on the colonies, without their consent for the single purpose of revenue, is denied.. . (C) Daniel Dually, from the Considerations on the propriety of imposing taxes in the British Colonies, writes as to support the tenement No taxation without representation.This phrase is, in a sense, the birthplace of democracy; it is the foundations on which this nation stands today. One of the fundamental human rights is the opportunity for self-rule, and it is now evident that America would not have been as successful as it is today without the protestors and boycotter and founding fathers that stood up for the colonies in times of near overthrow. This phrase is without a doubt the primary force that motivated the American Revolution, and a universal symbol of democracy throughout the land.